实现海洋测高卫星厘米级定轨精度的策略分析

基于对多种飞机的机载GPS测量实践,提出我国海洋二号（HY-2）卫星实现厘米级精度的星载GPS定轨测量的基本要求：1）选择适合天线,捕获多颗在视GPS卫星;2）注重天线安装位置,减弱多路径效应影响;3）选用适合的GPS信号接收机,确保星载GPS测量数据优质。     

不同环境下几种GPS接收机定位精度研究

在室内或部分遮挡环境中,不同GPS接收机接收信号的能力和定位精度有较大差异。通过对不同的观测环境、不同品牌接收机以及不同的数据处理软件这三个变量的控制展开实验,通过静态单点定位和静态相对定位两种方式测定接收机在不同环境下的定位精度。     

Galileo系统与GPS卫星定位系统相位组合观测值的模型研究

在介绍Galileo系统空间信号的基础上,以模糊度保持整数为前提,给出了Galileo系统的4个频率载波与GPS L2载波的组合相位观测值的定义,并对有关误差影响加以分析,最后根据一定的组合标准论述了具有相应特性的组合观测值,并给出一些典型的组合.      

基于增强型单频GPS的高精度星间相对定位样条方法

为了实现高精度的分布式SAR星间相对定位,提出了一种基于增强型单频GPS的相对定位样条方法,即在单频GPS测量信息的基础上,增加星间距离观测信息,并结合相对位置参数的连续特性,建立了相对定位的样条模型,最后利用最小二乘法进行参数估计.仿真结果表明,新方法不仅能大大提高相对定位精度,而且还能有效地减少固定整周模糊度所需的历元.最后的理论分析证明了仿真的正确性.      

一种用于GPS/DR组合定位的非线性滤波算法

建立了适用于车辆导航系统的基于UKF(Unscented Kalman Filter)的GPS/DR(Global Positioning System/Dead Reckoning)组合定位滤波模型及算法.针对系统状态方程为线性、观测方程为非线性的特点,提出了一种将UKF和EKF(Extended Kalman Filter)相结合的非线性滤波算法.结合后的算法和原有UKF算法相比减少了在时间更新阶段的运算量,并且由于采用基于Unscented变换的思想来处理系统观测方程的非线性问题,避免了EKF引入的线性化误差,提高了滤波精度.仿真结果证明:算法在减少运算量的同时,仍具有较高的滤波精度,且明显优于EKF,因而能够满足车辆导航系统占用资源少、滤波精度高的要求.      

ISO的GPS基本概念与体系

概要介绍了ISO的产品几何技术规范产生的原由、基本概念与体系的构成、主要内容和今后的发展方向 ,以及我国采用产品几何技术规范的情况。     

Multi-station observation of ionospheric irregularities over South Africa during strong geomagnetic storms

This paper presents results pertaining to the response of the mid-latitude ionosphere to strong geomagnetic storms that occurred from 31 March to 02 April 2001 and 07–09 September 2002. The results are based on (i) Global Positioning Systems (GPSs) derived total electron content (TEC) variations accompanying the storm, (ii) ionosonde measurements of the ionospheric electrodynamic response towards the storms and (iii) effect of storm induced travelling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) on GPS derived TEC. Ionospheric data comprising of ionospheric TEC obtained from GPS measurements, ionograms, solar wind data obtained from Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) and magnetic data from ground based magnetometers were used in this study. Storm induced features in vertical TEC (VTEC) have been obtained and compared with the mean VTEC of quiet days. The response of the mid-latitude ionosphere during the two storm periods examined may be characterised in terms of increased or decreased level of VTEC, wave-like structures in VTEC perturbation and sudden enhancement in hmF2 and h′F. The study reveals both positive and negative ionospheric storm effects on the ionosphere over South Africa during the two strong storm conditions. These ionospheric features have been mainly attributed to the travelling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) as the driving mechanism for the irregularities causing the perturbations observed. TEC perturbations due to the irregularities encountered by the satellites were observed on satellites with pseudo random numbers (PRNs) 15, 17, 18 and 23 between 17:00 and 23:00 UT on 07 September 2002.     

GLONASS-based precise point positioning and performance analysis

Current precise point positioning (PPP) techniques are mainly based on GPS which has been extensively investigated. With the increase of available GLONASS satellites during its revitalization, GLONASS observations were increasingly integrated into GPS-based PPP. Now that GLONASS has reached its full constellation, there will be a wide interest in PPP systems based on only GLONASS since it provides a PPP implementation independent of GPS. An investigation of GLONASS-based PPP will also help the development of GPS and GLONASS combined PPP techniques for improved precision and reliability. This paper presents an observation model for GLONASS-based PPP in which the GLONASS hardware delay biases are addressed. In view of frequently changed frequency channel number (FCN) for GLONASS satellites, an algorithm has been developed to compute the FCN for GLONASS satellites using code and phase observations, which avoids the need to provide the GLONASS frequency channel information during data processing. The observation residuals from GLONASS-based PPP are analyzed and compared to those from GPS-based PPP. The performance of GLONASS-based PPP is assessed using data from 15 globally distributed stations.     

Calibration of Envisat radar altimeter over Lake Issykkul

This study presents the results of calibration/validation (C/V) of Envisat satellite radar altimeter over Lake Issykkul located in Kyrgyzstan, which was chosen as a dedicated radar altimetry C/V site in 2004. The objectives are to estimate the absolute altimeter bias of Envisat and its orbit based on cross-over analysis with TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P), Jason-1 and Jason-2 over the ocean. We have used a new method of GPS data processing in a kinematic mode, developed at the Groupe de Recherche de Geodesie Spatiale (GRGS), which allows us to calculate the position of the GPS antenna without needing a GPS reference station. The C/V is conducted using various equipments: a local GPS network, a moving GPS antenna along the satellites tracks over Lake Issykkul, In Situ level gauges and weather stations. The absolute bias obtained for Envisat from field campaigns conducted in 2009 and 2010 is between 62.1 and 63.4 ± 3.7 cm, using the Ice-1 retracking algorithm, and between 46.9 and 51.2 cm with the ocean retracking algorithm. These results differ by about 10 cm from previous studies, principally due to improvement of the C/V procedure. Apart from the new algorithm for GPS data processing and the orbit error reduction, more attention has been paid to the GPS antenna height calculation, and we have reduced the errors induced by seiche over Lake Issykkul. This has been assured using cruise data along the Envisat satellite track at the exact date of the pass of the satellite for the two campaigns. The calculation of the Envisat radar altimeter bias with respect to the GPS levelling is essential to allow the continuity of multi-mission data on the same orbit, with the expected launch of SARAL/Altika mission in 2012. Implications for hydrology in particular, will be to produce long term homogeneous and reliable time series of lake levels worldwide.     

A study of L band scintillations during the initial phase of rising solar activity at an Indian low latitude station

The ionospheric scintillation and TEC (Total Electron Content) variations are studied using GPS (Global Positioning System) measurements at an Indian low latitude station Surat (21.16°N, 72.78°E; Geomagnetic: 12.90°N, 147.35°E), situated near the northern crest of the equatorial anomaly region. The results are presented for data collected during the initial phase of current rising solar activity (low to moderate solar activity) period between January 2009 and December 2011. The results show that within a total number of 656 night-time scintillation events, 340 events are observed with TEC depletions, Rate of change of TEC (ROT) fluctuations and enhancement of Rate of change of TEC Index (ROTI). A comparison of night-time scintillation events from the considered period reveal strong correlation amongst the duration of scintillation activity in S₄ index_, TEC depletion, ROT fluctuations and ROTI enhancement in the year 2011, followed by the year 2010 and least in 2009. The statistical analyses of scintillation activity with enhancement of ROTI also show that about 70–96% scintillation activity took place in equinox and winter months. Moreover, from a nocturnal variation in occurrence of scintillation with (S₄ ? 0.2) and enhancement of ROTI with (ROTI ? 0.5), a general trend of higher occurrence in pre-midnight hours of equinox and winter seasons is observed in both indices during the year 2011 and 2010, while no significant trend is observed in the year 2009. The results suggest the presence of F-region ionospheric irregularities with scale sizes of few kilometers and few hundred meters over Surat and are found to be influenced by solar and magnetic activity.