Power characteristics of a variable hydraulic transformer

The flow control of hydraulic transformers is a great challenge.To meet this challenge,a new kind of hydraulic transformer,variable hydraulic transformer(VHT),is proposed in this work.This paper focuses on the power characteristics of the newly proposed VHT,including instantaneous power,average power,power pulsation,and efficiency.In the analyses,the concepts of efficiency,input power,output power,starting angle,and ceasing angle are defined or redefined.To investigate the power characteristics,their models are derived by considering the governing factors such as the control angle of the swash plate and the structure of the port plate.This work highlights that the load flow can be adjusted by adjusting the control angle of the swash plate,and the power characteristics at the B-port produce a remarkable change.In addition,the VHT has a starting angle and a ceasing angle,and these two angles can be adjusted by the influencing factors.The results reveal that the power pulsation and the jump points of the instantaneous power are the primary causes of a less smooth work.Then,it is shown that the control angle of the port plate,the control angle of the swash plate,and the pressures at the ports are the three key elements for a stable operation.The results also reveal that the adjustment of the influencing factors can improve the efficiency.     

比较法视野下的辩诉交易制度

通过对世界各国辩诉交易制度的分析，指出了辩诉交易中的共同点和不同点，以期对我国借鉴这一制度的合理成分，为我所用有所裨益。     

传动比和转速对永磁齿轮传动特性的影响研究

介绍了一种径向调制永磁齿轮，运用有限元技术，通过变更仿真条件中的传动比和转速，并对仿真结果中的输出转矩和传动效率进行分析，从而获得传动比和转速对输出转矩和传动效率的影响规律。结果表明，随着传动比的增大，输出转矩呈二次曲线规律变化，而传动效率则呈减小趋势；相同传动比下，随着主动转子转速的增大，输出转矩和传动效率均呈减小趋势；提出了以传动效率〖WTBX〗η〖WTBZ〗为目标值的等效率曲线概念，得到了η=90%时的等效率曲线i~n₁（i和n₁分别代表传动比和主动转子转速），当n₁和i的交点位于等效率曲线下方时，即可满足η>90%。     

有/无铁芯轴向磁通风力发电机性能研究

针对有、无铁芯轴向磁通风力发电机哪种更适合在微风地区使用，对比分析了有铁芯和无铁芯发电机在不同转速时的效率、转矩特性及电能质量。通过对发电机基本参数的确定，建立有、无铁芯发电机3D有限元模型，对比有、无铁芯风力发电机的运行特性，并通过实验平台验证3D有限元计算结果。研究结果表明：发电机在额定运行状态下，磁钢用量相同时，有铁芯发电机效率比无铁芯发电机效率高4.2%,但有铁芯发电机存在齿槽转矩，发电机运行平稳性差；在磁钢用量及电枢绕组匝数相同时，无铁芯发电机效率比有铁芯发电机效率高0.3%且启动力矩更小；当磁通量相同时，无铁芯发电机效率比有铁芯发电机效率高5.7%，综上所述无铁芯发电机更适合在微风低速下运行。     

搅拌摩擦焊焊缝阵列超声全聚焦成像检测技术

针对航天薄壁铝合金搅拌焊焊缝的高精度、高分辨率检测应用需求,开展了阵列超声全聚焦成像检测技术研究。基于斜楔块耦合下横波多次反射全聚焦优化算法搭建了阵列超声检测系统,利用该系统对厚度为6 mm搅拌摩擦焊焊缝不同位置处的Φ0.35 mm横孔进行了相控阵超声扇形扫描成像和阵列超声全聚焦成像检测对比试验。试验结果表明,两种方法均能够有效检测出焊缝中心或热力影响区的横孔,但阵列超声全聚焦成像检测技术在信噪比和纵向分辨力方面更具优势,该技术的发展为航天领域复杂构件高精度、高分率、高可靠性检测难题的解决提供了新的思路和途径。     

火星无人机实验台发展综述及构想

火星地表崎岖、环境复杂,火星无人机由于其具有高机动性和灵活性,为火星探测提供了一种新的工作模式,是未来深空探测的重要范式。本文对比了火星与地球相关地表环境参数的差异,分析了火星无人机需要克服的困难和主要用途,阐明了火星无人机实验台的重要性;详细介绍了国内外研究机构研发火星无人机实验台的技术特点与功能优劣,总结了实验台需要具备的模拟火星环境和测量相关参数。在此基础上,提出了构建火星无人机实验台设想,给出了总体设计思想和思路,并对火星无人机气动力学实验平台的应用前景进行了展望。     

采用近场聚焦法测量雷达天线方向图的工程实践

介绍了天线近场测量的系列方法,重点对近场聚焦法测量天线方向图的原理和方法进行了分析,结合工程实际,对两种不同测试距离下的天线方向图进行了比较。     

无电压取样端直流稳定电源校准专用插头设计

直流稳定电源在实际应用中，其稳压状态的输出电压在电源空载状态时和带载状态时存在一定差值，这个差值被称为稳压负载效应，直流稳定电源的稳压负载效应是体现其输出电压对输出回路中负载变化抑制能力的重要指标。直流稳定电源按其输出端可分为有、无电压取样端两种输出形式。通过分析常用直流稳定电源稳压负载效应校准的连线方法，针对无电压取样端的直流稳定电源设计了一款专用插头，在引入极小测量误差的情况下，使接线更为方便快捷，从而提高校准直流稳定电源的工作效率。     

Reevaluation of thermosphere heating by auroral electrons

This paper presents a new calculation of neutral gas heating by precipitating auroral electrons. It is found that the heating rate of the neutral gas is significantly lower than previous determinations below 200 km altitude. The neutral gas heating arises from the many exothermic chemical reactions that take place from the ions and excited species created by the energetic electrons. The calculations show that less than half the energy initially deposited ends up heating the neutral gases. The rest is radiated or lost in the dissociation of O₂ because the O atoms do not recombine in the thermosphere. This paper also presents a new way of calculating the heating rate per ionization that can be used for efficient determination of the overall neutral gas heating for global thermosphere models. The heating rates are relatively insensitive to the neutral atmosphere when plotted against pressure rather than altitude coordinates. At high altitudes, the heating rates are sensitive to the thermal electron density and long-lived species. The calculations were performed with the Field Line Interhemispheric Plasma (FLIP) model using a 2-stream auroral electron precipitation model. The heating rate calculations in this paper differ from previous heating rate calculations in the treatment of backscattered electrons to produce better agreement with observed flux spectra. This paper shows that more realistic model auroral electron spectra can be obtained by reflecting the up going flux back to the ionosphere at the upper boundary of the model. In this case, the neutral gas heating rates are 20%–25% higher than when the backscattered flux escapes from the ionosphere.     

气膜孔图像对焦评价函数的实验研究

为了使工业影像测头能够正确对焦于气膜孔的出口表面，开展了对焦评价函数选取的实验研究。首先，分析了各类对焦评价函数的特性、要求及优缺点，并确定选择灰度梯度函数用于图像序列的清晰度评价；然后，考察了Brenner梯度函数、Tenengrad梯度函数和Laplacian梯度函数等5种具有代表性的灰度梯度函数，通过实验获得了它们的函数曲线，并进行归一化处理和比较分析，最终确定Laplacian梯度函数作为系统的对焦评价函数，并进行了重复性验证。实验结果表明，Laplacian梯度函数可以正确判别出被测气膜孔的对焦位置，且对焦重复性小于0.005mm，满足气膜孔形位参数的检测要求。