High-performance altimeter Doppler processing for measuring sea level height under varying sea state conditions

This paper describes an innovative method for processing nadir altimeter data acquired in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) mode, enhancing the system performances over open ocean. Similarly to the current SAR data processing scheme, the so-called LR-RMC (Low Resolution with Range Migration Correction) method, originally designed by Phalippou and Demeester (2011), includes Doppler beam forming, Doppler shift correction and range correction. In LR-RMC, however, an alternative and less complex averaging (stacking) operation is used so that all the Doppler beams produced in a radar cycle (4 bursts of 64 beams for the open-burst Sentinel-3-mode altimeter) are incoherently combined to form a multi-beam echo. In that manner, contrarily to the narrow-band SAR technique, the LR-RMC processing enlarges the effective footprint to average out the effects of surface waves and particularly those from small sub-mesoscale structures (<1 km) that are known to impact SAR-mode performances. On the other hand, the number of averaged beams is as high as in current SAR-mode processing, thus providing a noise reduction at least equally good. The LR-RMC method has the added benefit of reducing the incoherent integration time with respect to the SAR-mode processing (50 ms compared to 2.5 s) limiting possible surface movement effects. By processing one year of Sentinel-3A SRAL SAR-mode data using the LR-RMC method, it is shown that the swell impact on the SAR altimeter performances is totally removed and that an improvement of 10–50% is obtained in the measurement noise of the sea surface height and significant wave height with respect to SAR mode. Additionally, observational capabilities over the middle scales are enhanced potentially allowing the ocean mesoscale features to be retrieved and observations assimilated more usefully in ocean models.     

风雪运动数值模拟中自保持平衡边界条件研究

在目前风场自保持性研究的基础上,结合等效物理粗糙高度,给出一类近似满足自保持性的用于风雪运动数值模拟的边界条件.首先结合低温风洞实验室的风雪实验数据,把文献的方法应用于风雪运动数值模拟中.经对比验算发现,文献的方法应用于风雪数值模拟中不能很好满足自保持性.为了进一步满足自保持性要求,引入等效物理粗糙高度,建立起雪跃移高度与等效物理粗糙高度的关系.结果表明:通过引入等效物理粗糙高度,边界条件的自保持特性得到了进一步的提高.最后对该方法的应用进行了推广验证.     

基于深度卷积网络的海洋涡旋检测模型

传统的利用遥感数据检测涡旋的方法通常是基于物理参数、几何特征、手工特征或专家知识。本文重点研究了基于深度学习技术从海表面高度图中识别海洋涡旋的方法。针对海洋卫星拍摄的海洋表面高度图中的涡旋检测问题，提出了一种基于卷积神经网络的多涡旋检测模型，该模型能够准确提取涡旋的特征信息，拟合语义信息与海面高度之间的关系。同时，在用于涡旋检测的最新公开数据集SCSE-Eddy上进行模型训练，以评估基于人工智能的涡旋检测方法性能，该数据集涵盖了15年来位于中国南海及其东部部分海域的每日卫星遥感海表面高度数据。实验结果表明，与现有的方法相比，本文模型取得了更好的检测结果，能够更好地区分相距较近的涡旋。     

一种简易的双星定位系统定位解算方法

双星导航定位系统采用双星定位体制,其定位基本原理为三球交会测量原理,其中2颗量测量与用户到2颗卫星的距离有关,与用户高程有关的第3个量测量是决定系统定位精度的关键因素.为此,为了简化定位算法,文章根据地球椭球几何及大地纬度的相关知识,推导了与用户高程有关的第3个量测量的精确模型,进而建立了用户的定位算法.该算法具有简单...     

Variability of the ionosphere over Irkutsk at low solar activity

Statistical and spectral analyses are performed to investigate variations of two ionosphere F2 layer key parameters, the critical frequency (foF2) and the peak height (hmF2), that were measured over Irkutsk (52.5°N, 104.0°E) from December 2006 to January 2008 under solar minimum. The analyses showed that both parameters contain quasi-harmonic oscillations with periods of T_n = 24/n hours (n = 1–7), among which the diurnal (n = 1) and semidiurnal (n = 2) ones are the strongest. Seasonal variations are explored of mean and median values, spectrum, amplitude, and phase of the diurnal and semidiurnal components of foF2 and hmF2.     

Disturbances in the ionospheric F-region peak heights in the American longitudinal sector during geomagnetic storms of September 2005

In this paper, we use the modified GSM TIP model to explore how the thermosphere–ionosphere system in the American longitudinal sector responded to the series of geomagnetic storms on September 9–14, 2005. Comparison of modeling results with experimental data at Millstone Hill, USA (42.6°N, 71.5°W), Ramey, Puerto Rico (18.3°N, 66.8°W) and Jicamarca, Peru (11.9°S, 76.9°W) has shown a good agreement of ionospheric disturbances in the F-region maximum height. We examine in detail the formation mechanisms of these disturbances at different latitudes and describe some of the important physical processes affecting the behavior of the F-region. In addition, we consider the propagation of thermospheric wind surge and the formation of additional layers in the low-latitude ionosphere during geomagnetic storms.     

星图质心提取的实时性研究

数据更新率是衡量星敏感器性能的一个重要参数,高数据更新率对质心提取的实时性提出了更高的要求.FPGA(现场可编程门阵列)具有快速逻辑运算和并行处理结构的特点,针对这些特点对质心提取过程进行研究.使用FP-GA内部的高速存储器作为缓存,提高对数据的读取速度.将质心提取中的阈值分割、星点像素提取和质心计算3个过程进行并行处...     

CCD光斑质心算法的误差分析

文章建立了CCD噪声和像元尺寸对质心算法影响的误差模型.模型表明,当CCD上光斑的束腰ω<0.1个像元时,质心算法的误差大于0.28个像元;当束腰ω>0.5个像元时,像元尺寸对灰度质心算法的影响可忽略不计,影响质心算法的主要因素是CCD随机噪声误差.在ω>0.5个像元的前提下,光斑尺寸越小,质心算法的精度越高.实验与理...     

B样条技术在RPM切片数据处理中的应用

首先介绍了RPM切片数据的处理问题,其次阐述了B样条的基本原理,最后研究了用三次B样条的反求技术对切片数据进行插值修补处理,并用弦高差方法对插值点进行取舍,生成最终的轮廓数据。