铷原子频率标准的小型化研究

为推动国产铷原子频标技术的深入发展,我们进行了小型铷原子频率标准装置的研制,目的是重点解决铷频标的小型化、长寿命、高稳定度、低相位噪声、低老化率等技术关键。详细介绍了小型铷原子频率标准装置的基本组成和工作原理,并对其重要组成部分(包括微波倍频链、误差放大链及同步检波、物理泵体、高稳压控晶振)在小型化前提下进行的技术指标改进作了深入的分析和说明,最后简要分析了小型铷原子频率标准装置的可靠性和实用性。     

原子钟调相白噪声降噪方法

原子钟的五种噪声反映了它在一定时间间隔内的性能。当取样间隔小于1h，原子钟主要表现为调相白噪声。在地方协调时UTC（NTSC）的实时监控中，不仅要求参考原子时（RTA，用于地方协调时控制的参考）具有很高的长期稳定度，而且要求其短期稳定度亦很高。影响RTA短期稳定度的主要是个台原子钟的调相白噪声。首先讨论了确定原子钟短期噪声的方法，进而利用小波分析方法研究了原子钟凋相白噪声分离与降噪的方法。     

2000年和2001年52°N地区OI5577气辉强度与原子氧浓度峰值的时间变化特征

分析了2000年和2001年期间52°N地区OI5577气辉强度的夜间变化特征和季节变化特征．利用由 OI5577气辉强度反演原子氧浓度峰值的方法反演出原子氧浓度的峰值,分析了峰值的夜间变化特征和季节变化特征．结果表明, OI5577气辉强度的夜间变化特征随季节变化, 2000年春季的夜间强度最大值出现在0000LT 之后,夏季和秋季的出现在0000LT之前,冬季的出现在0000LT,2001年春季和秋季的夜间强度最大值出现在0000LT之前,夏季和冬季的出现在0000LT;OI5577气辉强度在2000年2月份,8月份和10月份出现最大值,在2001年9月份有最大值．就主要特征而言,反演出的原子氧浓度峰值的夜间变化特征和季节变化特征分别与OI5577气辉强度的一致．     

Structural and collisional data for Mg III and Al IV

We present in this work energy levels, oscillator strengths, radiative decay rates and fine structure collision strengths for the Mg III and Al IV ions. The 11 configurations: (1s²) 2s²2p⁶, 2s²2p⁵3l, 2s2p⁶3l, 2s²2p⁵4l   (l?n-1$l?n-1$, where n is the principal quantum number), yielding the lowest 75 levels are used. The collisional data for these two ions are missing in the literature, especially the database CHIANTI, this is the principal motivation behind the present work. Calculations have been performed using the AUTOSTRUCTURE code. AUTOSTRUCTURE treats the scattering problem in the distorted wave approach. Fine structure collision strengths are calculated for a range of electron energies from 10 Ry to 240 Ry. The atomic structure data are compared to available experimental and theoretical results.     

Stochastic processes for line shapes and intensities

Stochastic processes provide flexible and fast calculations for modeling dynamical interactions between an atom and charged particles. We use a stochastic renewal process for the plasma microfield being the cause of Stark broadening. The accuracy and improvement possibilities of Lyman profiles calculations with a renewal process are analyzed by comparing to ab initio simulations for ion broadening only. Stochastic processes may also be applied to out of equilibrium plasmas. We present our first results for the effect of Langmuir waves on a line broadened by electrons only, and for the changes of atomic populations submitted to strong temperature fluctuations.     

原子钟频率稳定度测试中的噪声处理

原子钟的测量噪声会被引入到频率稳定度评估过程,尤其是对中短期频率稳定度的影响更大。重叠Allan方差可以克服调频闪变噪声和调频随机游走噪声随时间变化出现的非平稳问题,但由于受到测量噪声的影响,评估结果仍会出现误差。为此,本文通过对原子钟的数学模型和噪声特性进行分析,提出了原子钟频率稳定度评估的加窗平滑噪声处理方法,通过对时差观测序列合理的加窗设计和平滑处理,抑制测量噪声对评估结果的影响。实验结果表明,利用铷钟观测序列的100点平滑可以有效地提高短期频率稳定度结果（100~1 000）s的可信度。     

BHM3碳纤维及其氰酸酯基复合材料耐原子氧侵蚀性能

利用原子氧暴露地面模拟实验装置,分别对BHM3型高模量碳纤维及其增强的氰酸酯基复合材料进行了原子氧暴露模拟实验,采用SEM、XRD、XPS技术分析了原子氧对碳纤维及其氰酸酯复合材料的侵蚀行为。结果表明,经过1×10 21 atoms/cm 2剂量的原子氧暴露后,碳纤维及其氰酸酯复合材料质量损失率均低于1%,纤维表面形貌及组成不变,碳纤维/氰酸酯复合材料的层间剪切强度降低16%。     

Compact frequency standard using atoms trapped on a chip

We present a compact atomic frequency standard based on the interrogation of magnetically trapped ⁸⁷Rb atoms. Two photons, in the microwave and radiofrequency domain excite the atomic transition. At a magnetic field of 3.23 G this transition from ∣F = 1, m_F = −1〉 to ∣F = 2, m_F = 1〉 is 1st order insensitive to magnetic field variations. Long Ramsey interrogation times can thus be achieved, leading to a projected stability in the low 10⁻¹³ at 1 s. This makes this device a viable alternative to LITE and HORACE as a good candidate for replacing or complementing the rubidium frequency standards and passive hydrogen masers already on board of the GPS, GLONASS, and GALILEO satellites. Here we present preliminary results. We use an atom chip to cool and trap the atoms. A coplanar waveguide is integrated to the chip to carry the Ramsey interrogation signal, making the physics package potentially as small as (5 cm)³. We describe the experimental apparatus and show preliminary Ramsey fringes of 1.25 Hz linewidth. We also show a preliminary frequency stability σ_y = 1.5 × 10⁻¹²τ^−1/2 for 10 < τ < 10³ s. This represents one order of magnitude improvement with respect to previous experiments.     

介质振荡器的设计

为了实现微型化相干布局囚禁（CPT）原子钟,需要设计出小体积、低功耗的微波电路。本文介绍了利用介质振荡器（DRO）实现的适合微型CPT原子钟的微波电路,首先利用ADS（Advanced Design System）软件实现了介质振荡器的仿真,然后根据仿真结果设计并实现了振荡器电路,测试结果表明：输出微波频率为3.4GHz、功率为-4dBm、功耗为37mW。