地面停放飞机局部温度环境研究

确定地面停放飞机局部温度环境的变化规律是编制飞机结构局部环境谱和解决传感器"温漂"问题的关键工作。为此,开展了地面停放飞机局部温度实测工作,对不同舱室的温度变化规律进行了分析;基于模糊聚类的方法,根据局部温度的差异将飞机舱室划分为3类;选取结构系数和日照系数为关键参数,研究了环境温度对局部温度的影响规律;以百叶箱温度为自变量,建立了飞机局部温度模型;并通过统计方法确定了3类舱室温度模型关键参数的取值范围。研究结果表明:同一密闭状态下的不同飞机舱室可以有较大的温度差异;影响舱室温度的主要因素有日照、降雨以及舱室的结构形式和位置;实测温度与模型预测温度的对比证实了模型具有较高的精度。     

USB系统多副载波调制对测距性能的影响

侧音测距是统一S频段(USB)系统中经常采用的测距方式。针对某型综合基带测试中出现的测距距离漂移过大的问题,首先对侧音测距的原理、多副载波调制信号的特性进行分析,然后通过实验测试论证,讨论在不同的调制度、调制数据、副载波频率和码速率组合情况下,多个副载波交叉调制产生的组合频率对测距主音的干扰,从而确定了问题产生的原因,最后根据理论分析和实验测试结果提出一些预防措施。     

FMCW体制毫米波SAR实时信号处理方法研究

与脉冲体制合成孔径雷达(SAR)相比,调频连续波(FMCW)体制SAR具有体积小、重量轻、分辨率高、功耗低和低截获等一系列优点,目前小型或微小型SAR普遍采用FMCW工作体制。FMCW SAR在整个脉冲重复周期内都发射信号,其信号占空比达到了100%,为了减小数字接收机采样带宽,降低数据率,FMCW体制毫米波SAR一般采取解线频调接收的方式,但其数据量依然很大,而且机载平台受到气流的影响,运动误差很大,需要迭代估计与补偿,给实时处理模块带来了很大压力。为了提高整个机载FMCW SAR系统的信号实时处理性能,需要在算法层面进行改进。提出了一种两次子孔径误差估计和全孔径误差拼接补偿的FMCW SAR实时成像算法,使用相位梯度自聚焦(PGA)算法和图像偏置(MD)算法级联提取子孔径误差;然后进行子孔径误差拼接成全孔径误差补偿原数据,两维脉冲压缩后完成图像聚焦,提高了FMCW体制毫米波SAR成像算法的效率;最后使用机载Ka波段FMCW SAR实测数据,验证了该算法的有效性。     

Effect of the seed perturbation amplitude on the equatorial spread F initiation during solar minimum

The contribution of gravity wave (GW) to the initiation/development of spread F during a solar minimum year was investigated through the comparison of the observed precursory parameters and characteristics of the corresponding equatorial spread F (ESF) events. The ionospheric parameters were recorded at the magnetic equatorial station Sao Luis (2.3°S, 44°W, dip latitude 2°S) during March and October 2010. These data were used to estimate the influence of the relative gravity wave amplitude and the ambient ionospheric condition on the diurnal variation of the spread F initiation. The vertical velocity drift indicated a clear control and defines the threshold for the seasonal variability of the ESF occurrence. However, it was insufficient to solely determine or predict the day to day variation of ESF occurrence. Thus, few days with contrasting ambient ionospheric condition and magnitude of GW amplitude were analysed in order to investigate the role of the different precursory factors in the observed diurnal variation of the plasma irregularity development. The density scale length and gravity wave amplitude were shown to immensely contribute to the linear instability growth rate, especially during the days with a low post-sunset rise. Thus, the experimental observations have demonstrated the strong inter-dependence between the precursory factors and they have also highlighted the probable control of the ESF morphology.     

Integration of GPS and low cost INS for pedestrian navigation aided by building layout

In outdoor environments, GPS is often used for pedestrian navigation by utilizing its signals for position computation, but in indoor or semi-obstructed environments, GPS signals are often unavailable. Therefore, pedestrian navigation for these environments should be realized by the integration of GPS and inertial navigation system （INS）. However, the lowcost INS could induce errors that may result in a large position drift. The problem can be minimized by mounting the sensors on the pedestrian＇s foot, using zero velocity update （ZUPT） method with the standard navigation algorithm to restrict the error growth. However, heading drift still remains despite using ZUPT measurements since the heading error is unobservable. Also, tbot mounted INS suffers from the initialization ambiguity of position and heading from GPS. In this paper, a novel algorithm is developed to mitigate the heading drift problem when using ZUPT. The method uses building lay- out to aid the heading measurement in Kalman filter, and it could also be combined for the initial- ization. The algorithm has been investigated with real field trials using the low cost Microstrain 3DM-GX3-25 inertial sensor, a Leica GS10 GPS receiver and a uBlox EVK-6T GPS receiver. It could be concluded that the proposed method offers a significant improvement in position accuracy for the long period, allowing pedestrian navigation for nearly40 min with mean position error less than 2.8 m. This method also has a considerable effect on the accuracy of the initialization.     

板料拉伸失稳时的应变路径分析

采用图像识别技术,得到了板料成形试验中极限应变点的成形路径曲线。从成形路径的角度分析了成形极限图的形成,并比较了不同厚度及热处理方式对铝合金LY12塑性变形的影响。将Hill&MK理论与陈胡理论预测的成形极限及其路径与试验值进行了对比,试验结果表明:在板料失稳时淬火铝板的应变路径没有发生突变,而退火铝板在失效前,会产生一段应变漂移现象。理论与试验结果的对比可以看出,对于这两种铝合金材料来说,Hill&MK理论预测的成形极限更为接近实验数据。     

基于带漂移的布朗运动的民用航空发动机实时性能可靠性预测

以民用航空发动机为研究对象,运用性能退化可靠性理论和随机过程方法,对发动机的可靠性进行了研究.通过分析发动机性能退化过程,建立了基于带漂移的布朗运动的可靠性模型,利用布朗运动特性研究了基于当前状态的退化时间预测方法,实例证明,该方法可操作性强,易于工程实现,为航空公司进行发动机机队科学管理提供了基础.      

光纤陀螺本征频率对准误差引起的零偏漂移抑制方法

在温度环境下,光纤环的伸缩及光折射率的变化等会引起光纤陀螺本征频率发生变化,产生光纤陀螺本征频率与陀螺调制频率对准误差,进而导致探测器信号中的“尖峰脉冲”信号发生变化,使光纤陀螺产生零偏漂移。通过分析光纤陀螺本征频率的变化,提出了一种调制频率自动跟踪本征频率的方法,从而减小了温度条件下光纤陀螺的零偏漂移。试验验证结果表明,采用该方法的光纤陀螺在-40℃～+60℃的温度范围内固定温度点下的零偏极差减小了50%。     

基于MEMS陀螺仪辅助的粒子群优化磁力计校正

目前磁力计校正中存在需要采集大量数据、获取良好的初值和已知准确的传感器噪声分布等问题,传统的粒子群优化磁力计校正算法能够解决以上问题,但是该算法只能用于磁力计简化模型,校正其中9个误差参数,造成补偿不准确的问题。该算法借助MEMS陀螺仪建立矢量目标函数,采用随机漂移粒子群优化算法估计磁力计12个误差参数,具有较强的全局搜索能力和动态适应性。经过仿真与实测实验表明,该算法在磁力计绕其任意2个单轴不完整旋转1周即可实现校正,并且能够在磁场变化情况下保持精度,相比于传统算法补偿精度高、操作简单。     

地球静止轨道卫星电推进位保策略研究

研究了利用电推进系统进行GEO卫星轨道保持问题,给出了一种基于日预报的位置保持策略。首先,根据GEO卫星轨道漂移规律,分析了小推力推进系统每日进行位保的可行性;然后,针对四电推力器配置构型,给出了每日轨道误差、各推力器工作时间与区间的预测方法;进一步,针对给定的定点位置,根据位保效果对电推进安装角进行了优化选择,并研究了推力变化对位保效果和燃料消耗的影响。以东经100°定点为例对所给方法进行了仿真验证,数值结果表明:所给策略可有效用于GEO卫星位置保持。