Composition Variations in the Solar Corona and Solar Wind

Order of magnitude variations in relative elemental abundances are observed in the solar corona and solar wind. The instruments aboard SOHO make it possible to explore these variations in detail to determine whether they arise near the solar surface or higher in the corona. A substantial enhancement of low First Ionization Potential (FIP) elements relative to high FIP elements is often seen in both the corona and the solar wind, and that must arise in the chromosphere. Several theoretical models have been put forward to account for the FIP effect, but as yet even the basic physical mechanism responsible remains an open question. Evidence for gravitational settling is also found at larger heights in quiescent streamers. The question is why the heavier elements don't settle out completely. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

飞机结冰冰形测量方法研究进展

不同气象环境下飞机部件的结冰外形是飞机结冰研究不可缺少的内容,它对开展结冰气动分析、结冰防护设计、结冰飞行操作和结冰适航取证等研究具有重要意义。结合国内外冰形测量技术发展现状,从接触测量方法和非接触测量方法两个方面分别介绍了现有冰形测量技术的操作流程及测量原理,系统分析总结了各自存在的优缺点。在此基础上,结合飞机结冰和结冰风洞试验的特点,归纳了冰形测量技术下一步发展面临的挑战,包括全类型结冰的精确测量、结冰全貌三维测量和结冰生长过程实时测量等,同时,从基础测量手段与数值计算融合发展的角度,展望了冰形测量方法未来的发展趋势。     

飞翼布局无人机变形机翼设计与模型验证研究

对飞翼布局无人机变形机翼和变形机翼传动机构进行了设计,根据设计结果制作验证模型进行风洞实验和外场飞行试验,以此研究伸缩段机翼对飞行器机翼整体气动性能的影响。结果表明:采用变形机翼技术,可以通过实时控制机翼的气动外形保持较高的气动效率,提高飞机在巡航状态下的升力和高速飞行状态下的机动性,满足飞机在各种任务剖面的战术性能要求。     

弹性空腔流致噪声/结构振动特性试验

高速空腔中经常存在高强度且多频率分量的流致噪声,空腔噪声与结构振动之间耦合效应严重,甚至可能发生结构共振。为此,在0.6m×0.6m高速风洞中,通过调整空腔底板厚度,改变其结构固有频率,模拟空腔流致噪声/振动相互作用。利用脉动压力和振动加速度测试技术,获取亚跨声速条件下,弹性空腔流致噪声特性及其结构振动响应特性。马赫数变化范围为0.6~1.2。结果表明,当振动强度较弱时,结构振动对空腔噪声影响较小,而空腔噪声对结构振动影响较大,在噪声载荷主频位置,振动谱出现峰值并且噪声/振动相关性达到最强;此外,空腔结构振动还与其固有频率特性密切相关,振动主要以低阶模态为主。     

大型水陆两栖飞机侧风起降的滑流影响分析

大型水陆两栖飞机AG600的动力装置为安装在机翼上的4台同向旋转涡轮螺旋桨发动机，针对1：15缩比模型带动力风洞试验显示的螺旋桨滑流对侧风起降状态的偏航力矩不稳定影响，对全机带动力风洞试验模型进行了大规模并行非定常数值计算，再现了风洞试验现象，通过流动机理分析明确其产生原因主要是左侧滑时右外翼分离和垂尾背鳍涡破裂，这些原因和数值模拟的准确性也为后期的风洞试验所证实。考虑到模型风洞试验中尺度限制造成的低雷诺数和高螺旋桨转速，为保证飞行安全，继续采用该非定常方法对全尺寸飞机真实侧风起降状态进行了详细数值分析和偏航稳定性评估。研究结果显示，在飞行雷诺数和螺旋桨转速下，相同侧风范围内风洞试验显示的流动不稳定因素基本消失，偏航稳定性允许的侧风范围明显增加。本研究实现了四发螺旋桨飞机起降状态横向气动特性的滑流影响非定常数值分析，建立了基于计算流体力学的风洞与飞行雷诺数效应的相互关系，进行了偏航稳定性的虚拟试飞评估，研究成果也为AG600飞机的首飞和飞行试验所验证。     

不同型线结构船艏表面压力特性对比实验研究

为优选船艏结构型线方案,在风洞中针对三个在结构型线上仅有细微差别的船艏方案进行表面压力特性对比测试。实验获得了各型线方案模型表面压力空间分布特性和压力脉动特性,并通过表面压力特性的综合对比进行了结构型线评估,为船艏的结构型线设计提供直接的技术依据。     

航空发动机进气支板电热防冰试验

为了研究电加热防冰的效果,开展了小型航空发动机进气支板的电加热防冰试验。结合该型号发动机进气支板的结构特点,设计了3种电热防冰加热布置方式,分别在支板沿轴向的不同位置采用1~3个电加热棒作为防冰热源。通过模拟不同的发动机进气结冰环境参数和电加热功率,在冰风洞中对3种电加热方式进行了防冰试验研究。通过布置在支板外表面的温度测点记录了防冰过程中支板表面的瞬态温度变化,分析了支板防冰过程中表面温度的变化特点。防冰试验研究了热源总功率、热源布置方式、液态水含量以及来流温度对支板防冰性能的影响。试验结果表明,合理的电加热方式可以取得较好的防冰效果,同时避免支板后部的溢流水结冰。     

Self-similar stochastic processes in solar wind turbulence

Solar wind data is used to estimate the autocorrelation function for the stochastic process x(τ) = y(t + τ) − y(t), considered as a function of τ, where y(t) is any one of the quantities B²(t), n_p(t)V²(t), or n_p(t). This process has stationary increments and a variance that increases like a power law τ^2γ where γ is the scaling exponent. For the kinetic energy density and the proton density the scaling exponent is close to the Kolmogorov value γ = 1/3, for the magnetic energy density it is slightly larger. In all three cases, it is shown that the autocorrelation function estimated from the data agrees with the theoretical autocorrelation function for a self-similar stochastic process with stationary increments and finite variance. This is far from proof, but it suggests that these stochastic processes may be self-similar for time scales in the small scale inertial range of the turbulence, that is, from approximately 10 to 10³ s.     

Geomagnetic activity associated with magnetic clouds,magnetic cloud-like structures and interplanetary shocks for the period 1995–2003

Using nine years (1995–2003) of solar wind plasma and magnetic field data, solar sunspot number, and geomagnetic activity data, we investigated the geomagnetic activity associated with magnetic clouds (MCs), magnetic cloud-like structures (MCLs), and interplanetary shock waves. Eighty-two MCs and one hundred and twenty-two MCLs were identified by using solar wind and magnetic field data from the WIND mission, and two hundred and sixty-one interplanetary shocks were identified over the period of 1995–2003 in the vicinity of Earth. It is found that MCs are typically more geoeffective than MCLs or interplanetary shocks. The occurrence frequency of MCs is not well correlated with sunspot number. By contrast, both occurrence frequency of MCLs and sudden storm commencements (SSCs) are well correlated with sunspot number.     

会计学专业实践教学体系创新研究

高等工科院校会计学专业实践教学体系的构建应充分体现“强化应用、重视实践、突出创新”的人才培养思路，科学地设计出实践教学的各个环节，使实践教学体系整体贯通，在时间上全程化，在结构上层次化，在形式上多元化。