多守恒性的差分格式的分析和比较

球面大气浅水波方程(在忽略摩擦和外源强迫的条件下)具有总能量、总质量、总位涡、总位涡拟能和总角动量守恒等五个重要的物理守恒性.然而,将大气浅水波方程差分离散化后,常常不能保持这些守恒性.本文对新发展的两种较好的差分格式进行比较;一种可称之为修正总能量守恒格式,它可以较好地保持上述五个守恒性中的四个;而另一种可称之为准辛格式,它可以使上述五种守恒性均近似保持.文中对这两类格式作了具体分析,并作相应的数值试验和比较,结果表明这两类格式均值得推广应用.     

振动二元翼流动显示水洞试验研究

本文是用流场显示的方法研究各种形式的机械激励对二元机翼大攻角流场的影响。得到的试验结果表明,所采用的机械激励对大攻角失速分离流动有强的控制作用。它清楚地反映了过去风洞试验结果的物理本质,也为今后的非定常增升效应研究明确了方向。     

水洞收缩段流场的数值模拟及优选

介绍了一种水洞非对称收缩段的数值模拟方法和程序,计算采用有限体积预估修正格式求解非定常欧拉方程.结合具体水洞设计对几种典型收缩曲线的三维流场进行了计算和分析,给出了沿轴向的压力分布,出口截面速度分布及分布的均匀性,选出最佳曲线,为水洞的设计提供依据.结果表明:本文的计算方法和程序对于水洞或风洞的三元收缩段,是有价值的分析和辅助设计手段.     

赣江吴城段底质Cu元素垂直污染分布研究

为建立鄱阳湖水域沉积物中重金属的相关研究方法,了解重金属污染物的迁移规律,并探讨底泥中重金属的垂直分布特征,采用底质柱状采样器通过临水垂直插管法采集鄱阳湖流域赣江吴城段的底质样品,利用微波消解—AS-990型原子吸收分析体系对柱状样中不同深度的样品进行重金属Cu含量的测定。结果显示,柱状样垂直方向和年代分布中Cu含量呈锯齿型分布。重金属垂直分布与年代变化相一致,是因为年代分布与底泥沉积厚度之间的关系主要由沉积率所决定。     

UPVC给水管推广应用价值及安装技术探讨

本文简要介绍硬质聚氯乙烯塑料给水管（UPC)(Unplasticized poly ciny chloride pipe)，将其与传统使用的镀锌钢管和铸铁管进行对比，突出了UPVC管的推广应用价值。同时谈及作者在UPVC管安装施工中的一些体会。     

发动机进气道水滴撞击特性分析

针对某发动机进气道的防冰系统设计,对进气道的水滴撞击特性进行了研究.在对进气道流场进行计算的基础上,采用差分法对水滴运动方程进行了数值求解,得到了水滴运动轨迹,从而确定了水滴的撞击极限、总收集系数和局部水收集系数等水滴撞击特性参数;此外,还研究了飞行高度、飞行速度及水滴半径对水滴撞击特性的影响;研究发现水滴撞击极限、总收集系数和局部水收集系数随飞行速度的减小、飞行高度的增加或者水滴半径的增加而增大.这些为进气道的防冰系统设计奠定了基础.     

水剂清洗在大批量生产中的应用

介绍可替代汽油、煤油清洗金属零组件的水剂清洗剂在大批量生产中的应用。     

卫星推进系统发动机启动过程数值仿真

以一维管道瞬变流理论和特征线方法为基础,建立了仿真系统部件流体动力学模型。计算方法采用带内插的特征线方法和四阶龙格库塔法。对燃烧室模型,考虑燃烧时滞的影响,计算了卫星推进系统发动机在启动过程中各参数的变化。仿真结果与卫星推进系统热试车试验结果基本吻合。结果表明计算模型较好地描述了发动机启动过程中的水击和管流振荡现象,采用的仿真方法符合精度要求,在工程上可为卫星推进系统的设计与试验提供指导。      

Consideration on aircraft tire spray when running on wet runways

The tire spray produced by aircraft running on wet runways may enter the intake of engines, which may lead to the compressor stall, surge, or even combustion flameout. Therefore, it is necessary to do some research work on the tire spray to help to solve this problem. Firstly, the mechanism of tire spray is analyzed, and some parameters are defined to describe the spray pattern. Secondly, the numerical model of tire spray is established by coupled Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) and Finite Element Method (FEM) in LS-DYNA software, and the model is validated by a simplified water spray experiment. Then some influence factors on the spray pattern are studied by numerical simulation. Finally, some suggestions are proposed on different types of aircraft to avoid too much tire spray being ingested into the engine intakes.     

GRACE products and land surface models for estimating the changes in key water storage components in the Nile River Basin

The Nile River Basin (NRB) is facing extreme demand for its water resources due to an alarming increase in population and the changing climate. The NRB is not compatible with ground-based in-situ observations owing to its large basin area size and limited hydrological data access from basin countries. Thus, it lends itself to remotely sensed approaches with high spatial resolution and extended temporal coverage. The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) avails a unique opportunity to investigate the changes in key components of terrestrial water storage (TWS). GRACE TWS solutions have specific tuning parameters and processing strategies that result in regionally specific variations and error patterns. We explored the TWS time series spatiotemporal changes, trends, uncertainties, and signal-to-noise ratio among different GRACE TWS data. We had also investigated the key terrestrial water storage components such as surface water, soil moisture, and groundwater storage changes. The results show that GRACE spherical harmonic solutions' uncertainty is higher than the mass concentration (mascon) over the NRB, and the Center for Space Research-mascons had the best performance. The evapotranspiration correlation (R² = 0.85) has the highest correlation with GRACE’s TWS, whereas the normalized difference vegetation index (R² = 0.82) has the second highest correlation. Notably, significant long-term (2003–2017) negative groundwater and soil moisture trends demonstrate a potential depletion of the NRB. Despite an increase in precipitation and the TWS time series, the rate of decline increased rapidly after 2008, thereby indicating the possibility of human-induced change (e.g. for irrigation purposes). Therefore, the results of this study provide a guide for future studies related to hydro-climatic change over the NRB and similar basins.