基于压电纤维复合材料的航天器动力学建模与振动抑制

压电纤维复合材料(MFC)在柔性航天器的振动主动抑制中具有很好的应用前景。利用哈密顿原理和压电驱动的载荷比拟方法,建立了带MFC压电驱动的离散形式的刚柔耦合动力学方程,采用线性二次型最优控制(LQR)算法进行主动控制。结果表明：在航天器的柔性体受到脉冲载荷激励条件下,使用MFC驱动器可以实现航天器挠性振动的快速抑制,并且同时保持中心刚体姿态的稳定性,即能够实现挠性振动与姿态运动的协同控制。基于MFC的主动控制方法对于高频响应也具有较好的控制效果。对于柔性占优的航天器,采用MFC的主动控制优于被动控制。本文方法在处理具有复杂柔性体的航天器时更具优势,更适合于工程应用。     

Investigation on nonlinear lateral-torsional coupled vibration of a rotor system with substantial unbalance

Substantial unbalance may be caused by fan blade off during the operation period of gas turbine engines, and related dynamic problems are very critical to the safety design of rotor system in aero-engine. This article aims to understand lateral-torsional coupled vibration of the rotor system with substantial unbalance. The governing equation of a modified unbalanced rotor system is established based on Lagrangian approach. Then, a mathematical analytical method is proposed in which a linear approximation is derived and the Floquet theory and Hill’s method are incorporated, from which the modal characteristics of the unbalanced rotor are obtained. The modal characteristics of the unbalanced rotor system are revealed comprehensively for the first time. Furthermore, the relation between the modes and responses of the unbalanced rotor is discussed in detail. The results show that the lateral vibration and torsional vibration of the unbalanced rotor are coupled through the inertial terms in the governing equations. Due to the coupling, veering and lock-in phenomena occur between the frequencies of the forward whirl mode and the torsional mode. Furthermore, lock-in can lead to a kind of principal instability. With regard to the response of the unbalanced rotor, both natural vibration components and enforced vibration components appear in the lateral response, while only natural vibration components appear during torsional vibration. Moreover, natural vibration components play a crucial role in the response within the principal instability region and cause divergence of the vibration amplitudes in the lateral and torsional directions.     

椭圆振动切削加工的同步控制研究

利用椭圆振动切削加工的回转体表面微织构是在机床主轴旋转、平台进给和装置椭圆振动的联合运动下得到的,机床主轴转动与装置位移输出如果不能保持完全的实时同步,会造成微织构加工的偏差。为了解决这一问题,提出了一种新的基于转角的同步控制方法,该方法在主轴的对位基准处实现装置正弦信号的复位,以修正转速漂移造成的加工位置误差,并通过判断主轴角度信号实时输出对应幅值电压来实时同步信号输出和机床旋转运动。基于LabVIEW FPGA搭建同步控制模块,经试验验证,利用该方法加工的矩形阵列微织构轴向排列与中轴线平行,与周向排列的夹角和仿真结果的偏差不超过0.1°,织构深度随转角的不同发生预设的变化,因此,同步控制方法具有实时同步控制椭圆振动切削装置的能力。     

Analysis on Output Power for Multi-direction Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvester

To predict the performance of multi-direction piezoelectric vibration energy harvester,an equation for calculating its output power is obtained based on elastic mechanics theory and piezoelectricity theory.Experiments are performed to verify theoretical analysis.When the excitation direction is along Y direction,a maximal output power about 0.139 mW can be harvested at a resistive load of 65kΩ and an excitation frequency of 136 Hz.Theoretical analysis agrees well with experimental results.Furthermore,the performance of multi-direction vibration energy harvester is experimentally tested.The results show that the multi-direction vibration energy harvester can harvest perfect energy as the excitation direction changes in XY plane,YZ plane,XZ plane and body diagonal plane of the harvester.     

2.5维编织树脂基复合材料平板多尺度动力学模型修正

在2.5维编织树脂基复合材料多尺度固有振动分析的基础上,开展基于实测结构模态数据的复合材料平板动力学模型修正研究,以获取精准反映其动力学特性的模型。首先,建立复合材料平板固有频率对弹性参数的灵敏度分析方法,分析了平板固有振动特性的主要影响因素;其次,建立基于灵敏度分析的复合材料多尺度动力学模型修正方法,形成了基于MSC.NASTRAN平台的模型修正程序。最后,利用实测结构模态测试数据,实现对复合材料平板动力学模型的修正。结果表明,对关键弹性参数进行修正后,不同边界条件和纱线走向的复合材料平板试验件固有频率实测数据与仿真数据的最大误差由10.44%下降至2.39%,相关性得到了大幅改善。此外,所提出的自由模态测试方案结合动力学模型修正方法,为复合材料等效弹性参数的试验辨识提供了新的技术途径。     

考虑盘片耦合的缘板阻尼器减振性能分析方法

叶盘结构趋于轻薄,盘片耦合振动不能忽略。本文旨在揭示缘板阻尼器对叶盘不同节径模态减振性能的影响规律。建立了考虑缘板转动的叶盘-缘板阻尼器集中参数模型,采用结合解析雅可比矩阵的多阶谐波平衡法求解稳态响应,利用非线性周期减缩技术,在不损失精度的情况下使计算效率提高至少3倍以上。研究结果表明,针对叶片主导的一阶弯曲模态,缘板阻尼器总体上对节径数越高的模态阻尼效果越好,但在盘片耦合区阻尼效果显著下降,约为25%至50%;此外,忽略缘板的转动效应可能导致对阻尼器减振效果高估约70%至100%。     

旋转机械轴系不对中故障的建模及其理论分析

轴系不对中是旋转机械常见的故障,通过对该故障建立理论模型,并采用 Ｒａｃｃａｔｉ传递矩阵法对之进行数值计算和理论分析,重点计算了角度不对中时的振动特性。为旋转机械的故障诊断提供理论参考。     

应用FFT高精度快速计算瞬态响应

为了提高瞬态响应的计算速度和精度,构造了基于快速傅立叶变换的响应计算格式,并研究了这种格式的本质。理论分析和数值仿真表明：ａ所提的计算格式能够提高速度８ 倍;ｂ基于抛物线型求积公式的算法精度最高;ｃ只要频域采样点数 Ｍ 超过时域采样点数２ 倍,计算精度就与 Ｍ无关。     

带受控振荡附翼的新概念旋翼气动弹性分析

通过建立带受控振荡附翼的新概念旋翼气动弹性分析模型,研究了采用受控振荡附翼的直升机旋翼气动弹性特性及其在降低旋翼振动载荷方面的有效性。气动模型采用了计及振荡附翼非定常影响的二元叶素模型。探讨了改变旋翼桨叶及振荡附翼的结构参数对新概念旋翼减振效果的影响。数值结果表明振荡附翼的引入能有效地降低旋翼桨毂的振动载荷。为振荡附翼的振动自适应控制律设计提供了有效的旋翼气动弹性分析方法。     

三角翼俯仰滚转耦合运动气动特性研究

介绍一套用于３ｍ 低速风洞的俯仰滚转两自由度大振幅非定常实验系统,并利用该系统对—三角翼单独俯仰和滚转及俯仰滚转耦合运动时的非定常气动特性进行了研究。结果表明,飞行器俯仰滚转耦合运动时的气动特性比单独俯仰和滚转时的气动特性复杂得多。