基于相位单差精密测速的动态精密单点定位算法

利用相邻历元间的载波相位单差可求得动态载体的高精度三维速度向量,基于此提出了可精确描述载体运动变化的扩展卡尔曼滤波动态精密单点定位算法。该算法克服了高动态条件下采用简化动力学模型可能引起的系统状态描述失实问题,同时还可输出动态载体的精密速度信息。飞机动态试验结果表明,用该算法的动态单点定位结果与TRACK双差解计算互差得到的三维RMS值,平面分量精度优于3cm,高程分量精度优于6cm,速度测量精度可达mm/s级。     

基于轮廓特征的X射线脉冲星信号多普勒估计

探测器速度引起的多普勒效应会影响脉冲星信号累积轮廓特征,反之,这种轮廓特征改变可用于多普勒估计。提出了一种基于轮廓特征的X射线脉冲星信号多普勒估计方法。通过建立累积轮廓非齐次泊松模型,获得多普勒效应对累积轮廓的影响。构造轮廓特征函数对该影响进行度量,并利用函数值与周期误差的关系搜索信号周期。在搜索过程中,将离散观测数据转换为连续能量密度函数,消除相位间隔对累积周期的限制。根据周期搜索结果,结合脉冲星先验知识完成多普勒估计。仿真实验验证了该方法的有效性,其多普勒估计精度优于频域方法。     

基于BP神经网络的高精度陀螺恒流源补偿方法

为了提高陀螺恒流源精度,提出一种基于BP神经网络的陀螺恒流源补偿方法.采用BP神经网络训练恒流源控制指令与恒流源输出之间的非线性映射稳态模型,以实时估计恒流源输出偏差.设计恒流源控制指令补偿判据,当输出偏差超出设定裕度时,按比例对恒流源控制指令值进行实时补偿,使得恒流源输出更接近控制目标值,以实现更优的精度.通过实物在回路仿真验证了上述方案的有效性,并通过与传统对控制指令进行分段线性标定方法相比较,显示了上述方案的恒流控制优势.     

双锥流量计气液两相流流量测量模型研究

气液两相流广泛存在于化工、动力、炼油、油气开采与输送等领域,其参数的传感与测量是工业系统中难以回避的一个难题。提出一种双锥结构的新型差压式流量测量方法,设计并加工了直径比分别为0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8和0.9的双锥流量计,分析了不同直径比双锥流量计对单相介质的测量特性。以空气和水为介质,开展了水平管气液两相流流量测量实验研究。通过分析准气相流量比与 Lockhart-Martinelli 常数的关系,基于分相流理论建立了适合双锥流量计的两相流流量测量模型。实验结果表明,在不同直径比下准气相流量比与 Lockhart-Martinelli常数均具有优良的线性关系,流量测量模型对气液两相流总流量测量的误差可在6%以内。     

基于Krylov子空间法的柔性航天器降阶研究

带大型柔性附件的复杂航天器,其弹性变形通常用有限单元法描述.由于有限元节点坐标数目庞大将会给动力学方程求解和控制策略的实现带来巨大负担,因此对柔性太阳电池阵的动力学模型降阶进行研究.利用单向递推组集推导带太阳电池阵的航天器的刚柔耦合动力学方程,分别采用模态截断法、模态价值分析法和Krylov子空间法对太阳电池阵进行模型降阶,比较不同降阶模型和全有限元模型的动力学仿真结果.仿真结果表明,无论是否考虑大范围运动的影响,采用Krylov方法只需要较低的自由度就可以得到和采用有限元方法完全一致的结果.说明Krylov方法能够有效地降低航天器柔性附件的自由度,提高动力学仿真的效率,便于驱动控制的实现.     

航天器与空间碎片的混合编队重构控制与应用

针对空间碎片清理问题,提出了一种利用航天器与空间碎片混合编队队形重构控制技术捕获碎片的方法。首先,分析了地/月—日系L2拉格朗日平动点附近的限制性三体环境,并建立了编队卫星相对运动动力学模型;其次,提出了以太阳光压力作为航天器与空间碎片编队队形重构的控制力,实现各从星接近空间碎片的目的;最后,设计了基于线性二次型的最优控制器,并在Matlab/Simulink环境下进行仿真实验。仿真结果表明该方法可控制从星到达期望的位置(空间碎片的位置),且太阳帆板的姿态变化在可控范围内,进而证明了该方案可以应用于复杂空间环境下的碎片清理任务。     

Integration of high-fidelity model of forward variable area bypass injector into zero-dimensional variable cycle engine model

Forward Variable Area Bypass Injector (FVABI) is one of key components which contributes to modulate the cycle parameters of Variable Cycle Engine (VCE) under various operation conditions. The modeling method of zero-dimensional FVABI was reviewed and its deficiency was analyzed based on FVABI flow characteristic. In order to improve the accuracy of VCE performance simulation, the high-fidelity modeling method of FVABI was developed based on its working characteristics. Then it was coupled with the zero-dimensional VCE model and the multi-level VCE model was built. The results indicate that the geometric and aerodynamic parameters can affect the interaction between the two airflows and the zero-dimensional FVABI model is too simple to predict the component performance accurately, especially when the FVABI inner bypass is chocked. Based on the performance curves for single bypass mode and the regression model of multi-scale support vector regression for double bypass mode, the high-fidelity model can predict FVABI performance accurately and rapidly. The integration of high-fidelity FVABI model into zero-dimensional VCE model can be done by adjusting iterative variables and balance equations. The multi-level model has good convergence and it can predict VCE performance when the FVABI inner bypass is chocked.     

A novel virtual material layer model for predicting natural frequencies of composite bolted joints

A novel virtual material layer model based on the fractal theory was proposed to predict the natural frequencies of carbon fiber reinforced plastic composite bolted joints. Rough contact surfaces of composite bolted joints are modeled with this new proposed approach. Numerical and experimental modal analyses were conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model. A good consistence is noted between the numerical and experimental results. To demonstrate the necessity of accurately modeling the rough contact surfaces in the prediction of natural frequencies, virtual material layer model was compared with the widely used traditional model based on the Master-Slave contact algorithm and experiments, respectively. Results show that the proposed model has a better agreement with experiments than the widely used traditional model (the prediction accuracy is raised by 8.77% when the pre-tightening torque is 0.5 N∙m). Real contact area ratio A* of three different virtual material layers were calculated. Value of A* were discussed with dimensionless load P*, fractal dimension D and fractal roughness G. This work provides a new efficient way for accurately modeling the rough contact surfaces and predicting the natural frequencies of composite bolted joints, which can be used to help engineers in the dynamic design of composite materials.     

飞轮传感器的高斯混合模型故障检测方法

针对闭环控制的飞轮系统,本文采用一种基于高斯混合模型(GMM）的故障诊断方法检测飞轮的传感器故障。姿态机动的反作用飞轮是一个多工况系统。通过飞轮的历史观测数据建立飞轮的GMM模型,它用有限个高斯函数的加权组合来有效地拟合多工况的观测数据,利用基于贝叶斯推理的后验概率（BIP）指标计算新样本偏离GMM模型的程度,该指标能避免由于数据分类不确定而引起的误检测问题。仿真结果表明BIP指标不需要复杂的数学建模就能准确检测飞轮传感器故障。     

基于三维CFD的RBCC发动机建模方法

RBCC发动机可多模态工作,能适应宽广的飞行包线,因而其火箭尾流剪切作用变化强烈、流道截面变化大,喷油规律复杂,给发动机建模与控制研究带来困难。针对RBCC发动机的地面直连实验构型,采用三维CFD计算分析RBCC流场特点,研究发动机状态变量特征,并基于CFD计算结合拟合法的建模思路,建立了RBCC状态空间模型,模型的计算结果与三维CFD的计算结果有较好的吻合度,均方差满足要求。研究表明,在一定范围内增加计算特征数据点个数,可提高建模精度,但当计算特征数据点的个数超过20时,继续增加点的个数对精度的提高非常有限。