A global weighted mean temperature model based on empirical orthogonal function analysis

A global empirical orthogonal function (EOF) model of the tropospheric weighted mean temperature called GEOFM_Tm was developed using high-precision Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) Atmosphere T_m data during the years 2008–2014. Due to the quick convergence of EOF decomposition, it is possible to use the first four EOF series, which consists base functions U_k and associated coefficients P_k, to represent 99.99% of the overall variance of the original data sets and its spatial-temporal variations. Results show that U₁ displays a prominent latitude distribution profile with positive peaks located at low latitude region. U₂ manifests an asymmetric pattern that positive values occurred over 30° in the Northern Hemisphere, and negative values were observed at other regions. U₃ and U₄ displayed significant anomalies in Tibet and North America, respectively. Annual variation is the major component of the first and second associated coefficients P₁ and P₂, whereas P₃ and P₄ mainly reflects both annual and semi-annual variation components. Furthermore, the performance of constructed GEOFM_Tm was validated by comparison with GTm_III and GTm_N with different kinds of data including GGOS Atmosphere T_m data in 2015 and radiosonde data from Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive (IGRA) in 2014. Generally speaking, GEOFM_Tm can achieve the same accuracy and reliability as GTm_III and GTm_N models in a global scale, even has improved in the Antarctic and Greenland regions. The MAE and RMS of GEOFM_Tm tend to be 2.49?K and 3.14?K with respect to GGOS T_m data, respectively; and 3.38?K and 4.23?K with respect to IGRA sounding data, respectively. In addition, those three models have higher precision at low latitude than middle and high latitude regions. The magnitude of T_m remains at the range of 220–300?K, presented a high correlation with geographic latitude. In the Northern Hemisphere, there was a significant enhancement at high latitude region reaching 270?K during summer. GEOFM_Tm is capable to represent the spatiotemporal variations of T_m, with the high accuracy and reliability in a global scale, therefore, will be of great significance to the real-time GNSS water vapor inversion and climate studies.     

加速退化模型及外推结果准确度的定量验证方法

加速退化试验本质上是牺牲可靠度评估精度换取可靠度评估效率,外推出的可靠度结果通常会与真实值存在一定的偏差,因此,验证加速退化模型与外推结果的准确度是非常必要的。根据可靠性建模的步骤设计了验证加速退化模型及外推结果的技术流程,结合Wiener-Arrhenius加速退化模型构建了验证技术框架。采用了基于假设检验的模型验证方法,利用Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验法、Anderson-Darling检验法分别验证Wiener退化模型、加速退化模型及外推的可靠度模型是否合理。提出了具有工程实用性的基于面积比的外推结果验证方法,利用蒙特卡罗仿真解决复杂可靠度函数积分问题,用于定量表征外推结果的准确度,通过面积比阈值判定是否接受外推结果。通过惯导系统伺服电路实例应用说明了技术框架的可行性与有效性,研究工作为解决加速退化试验中的验证难题做出了有益的探索,所提出的各种定量验证方法具有较好的工程应用价值。     

Correlation analysis of combined and separated effects of wing deformation and support system in the CAE-AVM study

The Chinese Aeronautical Establishment (CAE) Aerodynamic Validation Model (AVM) is a dual-purpose test geometry dedicated to verify the aerodynamic performance of a conceptual intercontinental jet aircraft and to provide a dataset for CFD software validation. To this end, a scaled model of the AVM was tested in the High-Speed Tunnel (HST) of the German-Dutch Wind-tunnels (DNW) with special test consideration and instrumentation. For complementary analysis of experimental results, specific CAE-AVM geometries are analyzed using a CAE in-house CFD code. The specific geometries consist of a baseline aircraft, an aircraft with a deformed wing shape, and an aircraft with both a deformed wing shape and a representation of the model support system used in the wind tunnel. Detailed analysis of numerical and experimental results is presented; both the combined and individual attributions of wing deformation and support system interference on wing pressure distributions and longitudinal aerodynamic characteristics are summarized.     

某型手掷电动无人机总体设计与飞行试验研究

按照飞行器设计的基本原理,完成了某型手掷电动无人机的总体设计,制作了3架采用不同尾翼布局的样机,并对其进行了飞行试验。通过对试验结果的分析可知,不同尾翼型式对高翼台、单尾撑后推式布局的飞机纵向操纵性与稳定性的影响较大。该项研究为此类小型手掷电动无人机的研究提供了参考。     

基于细观结构的三维机织复合材料弹性性能的分析

三维机织复合材料具有复杂的细观结构,通过采用双凸透镜的几何形状来描述被压扁的纤维束横截面,引入细观结构和几何参数,建立了基于织物细观结构预测三维机织复合材料的纤维体积分数和弹性常数的方法。通过参数分析预测了结构和几何参数对三维复合材料弹性性能的影响。开发了一个具有友好界面的三维机织复合材料弹性性能的分析软件,为复合材料结构设计者选定适合的织物增强结构提供了有效的计算工具。理论计算结果与实验值的比较,表明了分析方法的正确性。     

建模与仿真的校核、验证和确认工作模式

根据当前国内外研究进展状况,对建模与仿真的校核,验证和确认技术进行了讨论。首先介绍了ＶＶ＆Ａ的概念以及应用于建模与仿真过程的意义。然后着重阐述了建模与仿真的ＶＶ＆Ａ的一般工作模式和其中应当考虑的问题,最后进一步介绍了分布交互仿真的ＶＶ＆Ａ的九个步骤,这九个步骤也可推广适用于其它建模与仿真。     

飞机航空电子系统地面验证环境中的试验管理平台设计

航电系统的综合测试、验证和评估是与系统设计同等重要的系统研制工作。在地面对系统的功能和性能进行充分验证,可以大大缩短飞机试飞周期、减少试飞经费、加快飞机研制进度。为了完成在地面的验证／试验工作,就必须建立仿真／测试环境。在构建综合航电系统仿真／验证支持环境中,针对试验室的环境和配置复杂、试验内容和项目多的特点,设计技术先进、功能完善的试验管理平台,可以保障试验高效运行、使试验发挥充分技术水平。试验管理平台作为综合航电系统仿真／验证支持环境的重要组成部分,为验证综合航空电子系统设计的合理性、正确性起重要作用。本文介绍了飞机航空电子系统地面验证环境中试验管理平台的设计方法。     

CFD验证、确认和共享基准数据库

CFD验证和确认是气动计算可信度分析的基本活动。通过这类活动将产生大量数据资源。如何有效管理和利用这些数据资源是基准数据库要解决的主要问题。研究并提出了一种可行的共享基准数据库设计方案,重点强调数据库的管理、数据库的可用性、数据的可靠性评估、数据标准和开放的系统架构,目的是提供建立用于CFD验证和确认的气动共享基准数据库的一种示范,解决现有气动数据库普遍存在的缺乏协调性、连贯性和必要的交流等诸多问题。此外,简要介绍了近年来中国在气动计算可信度分析方面所做的努力。     

基于随机振动响应的结构非线性参数识别

复合材料结构呈现出典型的量级非线性特征,非线性刚度的研究是结构设计和分析的基础。结构使用环境多数存在随机振动载荷,在更接近真实使用环境下对非线性参数的识别结果更加适用。文章提出了基于随机减量法和连续小波变换的非线性参数识别方法,设计了基于随机振动响应的非线性刚度识别程序;通过立方刚度单自由度非线性系统算例,验证了识别方法和程序;并通过试验研究了典型复合材料结构的量级非线性特征。结果表明,基于随机减量法和连续小波变换的非线性参数识别方法具有较好的识别精度,多自由度系统不同谐振阶次的非线性特性存在差别。研究结论对于随机振动环境下结构非线性参数识别和建模具有一定的参考价值。