几种常用格式和湍流模型在高速流动中的适用性研究

针对高超声速飞行器中存在的强激波、激波/边界层干扰、分离、湍流等复杂流动现象,对比分析了当前计算流体力学中的主要空间离散格式及湍流模型,发现不同格式对强激波的分辨率基本相同,Roe和LDE(low diffusion E-CUSP(convective upwind split pressure))格式对摩擦因数和传热系数的模拟优于其他格式;S-A(Spalart-Allmaras)一方程湍流模型计算的摩擦因数比k-ωSST(shear stress transport)两方程湍流模型高10%左右,而后者预测的分离区约为前者的2倍,且分离点靠前.     

三维激光成像系统的点云模型真彩色处理方法

三维激光成像系统获得的点云数据精度高并且保有高精度的高程信息,然而特征信息不明显,没有保留全部的点和点的拓扑关系,无法直接判读地面物体;影像数据空间分辨率和精度低,并且缺少高程信息,然而其影像的特征连续,光谱信息丰富.因此,进行点云数据与影像数据融合方法的研究是目前三维激光成像系统研制的前沿性课题.针对点云数据与影像数据融合方法的研究,提出了一种三维激光成像系统点云模型真彩色处理的方法.实验结果显示,采用所提出的方法,不仅能够获得被扫描物体的位置信息和大小信息,而且能够得到被扫描物体的表面纹理细节信息.     

民用飞机颤振试飞技术研究

为了能够顺利完成ARJ21-700飞机颤振试飞,研究民用运输类飞机颤振试飞的依据与要求,提出民用运输类飞机颤振试飞的测试方法、试飞方法、激励方法和数据处理方法;结合ARJ21-700飞机合格审定试飞进行试飞验证,给出该型飞机颤振特性试飞的符合性验证结果。结果表明:该套方法适合民用运输类飞机合格审定颤振试飞。     

π-TFSK时频调制信号状态迁移的分析

本文主要对π－ＴＦＳＫ时频调制信号的状态迁移进行分析。首先，从数学模型出发，对π－ＴＦＳＫ时频调制信号的状态进行分析；然后，推出了该信号的状态迁移图；最后求出了π－ＴＦＳＫ时频调制信号的状态迁移矩阵。     

Stochastic modelling considering ionospheric scintillation effects on GNSS relative and point positioning

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), in particular the Global Positioning System (GPS), have been widely used for high accuracy geodetic positioning. The Least Squares functional models related to the GNSS observables have been more extensively studied than the corresponding stochastic models, given that the development of the latter is significantly more complex. As a result, a simplified stochastic model is often used in GNSS positioning, which assumes that all the GNSS observables are statistically independent and of the same quality, i.e. a similar variance is assigned indiscriminately to all of the measurements. However, the definition of the stochastic model may be approached from a more detailed perspective, considering specific effects affecting each observable individually, as for example the effects of ionospheric scintillation. These effects relate to phase and amplitude fluctuations in the satellites signals that occur due to diffraction on electron density irregularities in the ionosphere and are particularly relevant at equatorial and high latitude regions, especially during periods of high solar activity. As a consequence, degraded measurement quality and poorer positioning accuracy may result.     

PDPA技术在圆管射流测量中的应用

采用激光相位多普勒技术（ＰＤＰＡ）和传统热线对圆管射流进行试验研究，试验结果表明：ＰＤＰＡ技术具有精度高、动态响应快、不干扰流场等特点；自由剪切湍流的扩展率ｄｙｃ／ｄｘ＝０．０８０１，完全自模拟特性区在ｘ／Ｄ＞８。     

Solar wind turbulence during the solar cycle deduced from Galileo coronal radio-sounding experiments

Seven coronal radio-sounding campaigns were carried out during the active lifetime of the Galileo spacecraft in the years 1994–2002. The observational data analyzed in the present work are S-band frequency fluctuation measurements recorded during the solar conjunctions at different phases of solar activity cycle #23, specifically: periods near solar maximum (three conjunctions), near solar minimum (three conjunctions) and during the ascending phase (one conjunction). These data are all applicable to low heliographic latitudes, i.e. to the slow solar wind. The rms frequency fluctuation and power-law index of the frequency fluctuation temporal spectra are determined as a function of heliocentric distance. The turbulence power spectrum tends to be flatter inside ca. 20 solar radii during all phases of the solar cycle. This coincides with a transition in the flow from the inner acceleration region to the outer region of constant velocity. The radial falloff rate and absolute level of the rms frequency fluctuation are essentially invariant over the solar cycle.     

用于评定火炮火力支援效果的马尔科夫模型

根据炮兵作战理论和实际作战流程，建立了用于评定间瞄武器进行火力支援的作战效能模型。该模型不仅可以比较不同火炮系统的作战效能，还可通过修改模型参数使其能反映不同的作战强度，对炮兵的战术决策有一定的参考意义。     

Blood and small intestine cell kinetics under radiation exposures: Mathematical modeling

Mathematical models which describe the dynamics of two vital body systems (hematopoiesis and small intestinal epithelium) in mammals exposed to acute and chronic radiation are developed. These models, based on conventional biological theories, are implemented as systems of nonlinear differential equations. Their variables and constant parameters have clear biological meaning, that provides successful identification and verification of the models in hand. It is shown that the predictions of the models qualitatively and quantitatively agree with the respective experimental data for small laboratory animals (mice, rats) exposed to acute/chronic irradiation in wide ranges of doses and dose rates. The explanation of a number of radiobiological effects, including those of the low-level long-term exposures, is proposed proceeding from the modeling results. All this bears witness to the validity of employment of the developed models, after a proper identification, in investigation and prediction of radiation effects on the hematopoietic and small intestinal epithelium systems in various mammalian species, including humans. In particular, the models can be used for estimating effects of irradiation on astronauts in the long-term space missions, such as Lunar colonies and Mars voyages.     

Height and time variability of planetary wave activity

The height–season and year-to-year regularities of parameters of first and second spatial harmonics determine the structure of the stratosphere and mesosphere circulation and its variability. In the period 1992–2002 at heights 0–55 km, the amplitudes and phases of the first and second spatial harmonics in the field of temperature, geopotential height, zonal and meridional wind were calculated by the method of harmonic decomposition. Dispersion (standard or mean square deviation) of their day-to-day and year-to-year variations was calculated by their wavelength constants. Height and season patterns of variability have been estimated. The difference in height–longitude variability for wave numbers m = 1 and 2 has been discovered. At the same time, the intensity of wave disturbances for m = 1 is less than for m = 2 excluding the polar areas, where a significant variability appears at the heights 0–55 km. There is also a tendency for the intensity of year-to-year variations to decrease in comparison with day-to-day variations. In cold and warm periods the amplitude of perturbation waves with m = 2 both for day-to-day and year-to-year variations is greater than for waves with m = 1. Transient height areas in the interval of 20–30 km are more distinct for day-to-day variations of polar area.