熵层对高超声速二维钝楔气动参数的影响

采用薄激波层理论和流管质量守恒相结合的方法,分析了高超声速二维钝楔边界层外缘熵的分布规律,研究了熵层对边界层外缘密度、马赫数以及壁面气动加热等气动参数的影响.结果表明:边界层外缘熵在倒圆-肩部区下降最为剧烈,熵层对气动参数的影响在高超声速下不可忽略,特别是使转捩区和湍流区的气动加热增加约53.6%.因此,将表面流态控制在层流模式对高超声速飞行器热防护具有重要意义.      

Ionospheric disturbances on 8 September, 2010: Was it connected with the incoming moderate Chongqing earthquake?

Earthquake prediction stimulates the searches for a correlation between seismic activity and ionospheric anomalies. Contrary to common focuses on strong earthquakes, we report the ionospheric disturbances, 2 days before a moderate Ms = 4.7 Chongqing earthquake (29.4°N, 105.5°E, depth = 7.0 km, occurred at 21:21 LT, 10 September, 2010) with the data of ground-based ionosondes and IGS receivers. The data covering the period under the quiet geomagnetic conditions and a geomagnetic storm was analyzed with upper and lower bounds. It is found that there were significant enhancements of foF2 and total electron content (TEC) on the afternoon of 8 September, 2010, with a limited area close to the epicentre, which was different from the feature of ionospheric perturbations triggered by the geomagnetic storm on 15 September. Taking into account the heliogeomagnetical condition, we conclude that the observed ionospheric enhancements were very likely associated with the forthcoming moderate Chongqing earthquake, which implies that the relationship between the amplitudes of ionospheric disturbances and earthquakes is very complicated.     

斜出口合成射流激励器S进气道分离流动控制

设计加工了单膜双腔式斜出口合成射流激励器,应用PSI DTC Initium压力扫描系统对斜出口合成射流激励器在S进气道主动流动控制中的应用进行了研究。结果表明：斜出口合成射流激励器能够抑制S进气道分离流动,提高出口总压恢复系数σ和降低畸变指数DC90,只需通过改变激励器的工作电压和频率,就可实现对S进气道内部流场的控制。在共振频率下,当来流速度V=80m/s,采用斜出口合成射流控制可使出口截面平均总压恢复系数增加0.37%,此时所耗合成射流能量仅为主流的0.24%。     

临近空间螺旋桨低雷诺数高效翼型数值分析

针对临近空间翼型边界层变厚更容易发生分离的特点,在修正了湍流模型后,通过分析比较13种低雷诺数翼型的升阻系数得到了比较适合用于临近空间螺旋桨叶素的高效翼型。结果显示,攻角在-6°～8°、8°～14°、14°～22°三种工况下,分别采用SST k-ω、RNG k-ε、Realizable k-ε湍流模型,可以得到与国外实验比较接近的合理结果;工况条件对翼型气动性能好坏的影响很大,翼型S-1223和FX63-137在所研究的工况内都具有较好的气动性能;因此可以选择这两种翼型作为临近空间螺旋桨用高效翼型。     

A novel virtual material layer model for predicting natural frequencies of composite bolted joints

A novel virtual material layer model based on the fractal theory was proposed to predict the natural frequencies of carbon fiber reinforced plastic composite bolted joints. Rough contact surfaces of composite bolted joints are modeled with this new proposed approach. Numerical and experimental modal analyses were conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model. A good consistence is noted between the numerical and experimental results. To demonstrate the necessity of accurately modeling the rough contact surfaces in the prediction of natural frequencies, virtual material layer model was compared with the widely used traditional model based on the Master-Slave contact algorithm and experiments, respectively. Results show that the proposed model has a better agreement with experiments than the widely used traditional model (the prediction accuracy is raised by 8.77% when the pre-tightening torque is 0.5 N∙m). Real contact area ratio A* of three different virtual material layers were calculated. Value of A* were discussed with dimensionless load P*, fractal dimension D and fractal roughness G. This work provides a new efficient way for accurately modeling the rough contact surfaces and predicting the natural frequencies of composite bolted joints, which can be used to help engineers in the dynamic design of composite materials.     

非均匀气动加热下隔热层结构的优化设计

为获得非均匀气动加热条件下高超声速飞行器不同部位的合适的热防护系统厚度,发展了一种基于网格变形技术（ASD）的隔热层结构优化方法。以高超声速飞行器的复合材料隔热层结构为研究对象,采用有限元法在局部均布热流载荷、三角形均变热流载荷和二次函数热流载荷等作用条件下建立隔热层结构的热固耦合分析模型,提出了基于ASD技术与热固耦合分析相结合的结构轻量化设计方法。结果表明,基于网格变形技术能够快速有效地解决优化过程中的网格自动更新问题,并得到了光滑柔顺的厚度形状曲线,优化后更充分发挥了隔热层结构各层材料的承载能力。     

固体推进剂铝粉燃烧特性及机理研究进展分析

铝粉在推进剂燃烧表面上会发生团聚凝结,对推进剂燃烧性能及固体火箭发动机的绝热层和喷管烧蚀等性能造成重大影响。文章综述了固体推进剂中铝粉燃烧方面的最新研究进展,主要包括铝粉点火及燃烧机理、凝聚相燃烧产物特性、影响因素及改善铝粉燃烧效率等方面的研究进展。铝粉表面特性、推进剂的微观结构和燃烧气氛环境等是影响铝粉燃烧的主要因素;采用控制铝粉粒径分布、铝粉包覆和多元合金等手段,可有效提高推进剂中铝粉的燃烧效率。     

翼型湍流尾缘噪声半经验预测公式改进

改进了传统的翼型湍流边界层尾缘噪声BPM半经验预测公式。传统的BPM半经验湍流边界层尾缘噪声预测公式对高攻角和厚翼型在高频范围的预测结果大于实验结果,通过分析比较传统BPM半经验预测公式和Howe翼型尾缘噪声理论模型发现:这主要是由于传统BPM半经验预测公式对压力面声源噪声辐射高估引起的。因此将压力面声源噪声辐射与吸力面声源噪声辐射的幅值比由原来的边界层位移厚度一次方比值改进为二次方比值,进而得到了改进后的BPM半经验预测公式;使用改进后的BPM半经验预测公式对NACA0012翼型在不同来流不同攻角下的噪声辐射进行了预测比较,发现对于NACA0012翼型,改进后的BPM半经验预测公式具有较高精度;另外也预测了较厚的风力机翼型DU-96-W-180,预测结果明显改善。     

战斗机武器外挂投放与内埋投放比较

为了研究弹体外挂投放与内埋投放的区别,利用基于Menter SST湍流模式的改进延迟分离涡模拟(IDDES)方法以及重叠网格技术,分别对亚声速和超声速来流条件下,同一弹体外挂投放和内埋投放进行了数值模拟,得到了亚声速和超声速条件下外挂投放与内埋投放弹体的下落规律。通过对比分析表明:亚声速和超声速来流条件下,内埋投放由于受舱体内强非定常流场以及舱体唇口剪切层的影响,弹体受很大的抬头力矩,弹体姿态角变化较大,投放特性劣于外挂投放。进一步研究表明:在弹射时给弹体一定的低头角速度,使弹体以低头姿态穿越剪切层,则可以大幅度降低剪切层带来的不利影响,提高内埋投放弹体分离品质。     

局部附面层吸除对高负荷扩压叶栅气动性能的影响

实验研究了低速条件下局部附面层吸除对高负荷扩压叶栅气动性能的影响.采用五孔气动探针测量了叶栅出口截面气动参数,并对叶片表面静压进行了测量,详细分析了局部吸气方式、吸气量和吸气位置对叶栅出口截面总压损失和负荷能力的影响.结果表明,采用吸力面两端吸气和中间吸气方式均能够有效吸除叶栅流道内低能流体,增加叶栅的气动负荷,从而提高叶栅的气动性能;采用吸力面两端吸气对叶栅气动性能的改善要优于吸力面中间吸气;叶栅气动性能的改善主要在靠近叶展中部区域,而对角区核心区和端部区域的影响并不明显.