EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF FLOW FIELDS IN THE VICINITY OF A FILM COOLING HOLE EXIT

Sofar,filmcoolingisextensivelyadoptedforprotectinghightemperaturepartsingasturbine.Manyresearchworksarefocusedonflow[1~3Jandheattransfer[4'5jinthedownstreamofthecircularhole,buttheflowcharacteristicsattheholeexit,especiallyforflaredholeexit,arenotreportedatpresent.Inordertodesignasuitab1eholeshapeforpracticalcoolingandprovideplentyexperimentaldataforverificationofcomputercodes,adetai1edexperimentalin-vestigationabout3-Dflowfieldsattheexitofasinglecircularandfan-shapedholehasbeencompleted.1Exp…     

Streamwise vortex generation by the rod

The technology development related to aerodynamics is leading to ever increasing loads of wings, airfoils and turbine and compressor blades. The increase in aerodynamic forces is often leading to flow separation and depreciation of the aerodynamic performance of flying objects or propulsion systems. Flow control methods are required to avoid these negative effects. In the recent two decades the flow control by means of air-jet vortex generators has been also intensively investigated. In this method a streamwise vortex is introduced by an oblique jet. The necessity to supply air by a pipe system may be considered a disadvantage. In order to eliminate this feature, it has been proposed to put out a rod instead of a jet. It has been shown that the application of a rod can introduce the same effect as a jet, as long as the streamwise vortex generation is concerned and appropriate dimensions are used. The present paper focuses on the influence of rod vortex generators on a flow pattern downstream. The results presented here concern experimental and numerical investigations and provide guidelines for the design of a new flow control method dedicated mainly to external flows.     

Generalized Kutta–Joukowski theorem for multi-vortex and multi-airfoil flow with vortex production——A general model

By using a special momentum approach and with the help of interchange between singularity velocity and induced flow velocity, we derive in a physical way explicit force formulas for twodimensional inviscid flow involving multiple bound and free vortices, multiple airfoils, and vortex production. These force formulas hold individually for each airfoil thus allowing for force decomposition, and the contributions to forces from singularities(such as bound and image vortices,sources, and doublets) and bodies out of an airfoil are related to their induced velocities at the locations of singularities inside this airfoil. The force contribution due to vortex production is related to the vortex production rate and the distance between each pair of vortices in production, thus frameindependent. The formulas are validated against a number of standard problems. These force formulas, which generalize the classic Kutta–Joukowski theorem(for a single bound vortex) and the recent generalized Lagally theorem(for problems without a bound vortex and vortex production) to more general cases, can be used to identify or understand the roles of outside vortices and bodies on the forces of the actual body, optimize arrangement of outside vortices and bodies for force enhancement or reduction, and derive analytical force formulas once the flow field is given or known.     

基于数值的弧齿锥齿轮齿面啮合点位置分析的拟赫兹法

在已知弧齿锥齿轮齿面网格的条件下,分析了单齿啮合时弧齿锥齿轮齿面弹性变形对轮齿啮合点位置的影响。为此,首先形成一整套刚性齿面啮合点的数值计算方法;然后,采用赫兹接触理论计算齿面弹性变形,确定齿轮轮齿的微小转动及由此引起的啮合点位置的变动。将齿轮因齿面变形而产生微小转角,继而进行齿面啮合分析的过程定义为拟赫兹接触分析。结果表明,齿面弹性变形引起的齿轮轮齿的微小转动对啮合点的最终位置有一定的影响。      

水冷电机设计特点分析

水冷电机应用广泛,其设计也有自己的特点。针对水冷电机中机壳水冷结构的两种水路分布方式,即折返型和螺旋型,介绍了水路结构的优缺点和水路设计涉及参数的计算方法。考虑水冷机壳承压问题,给出了机壳内外筒壁强度计算公式。研究内容可为水冷电机的设计提供参考。     

承载传动误差最小的高重合度弧齿锥齿轮波动齿面设计

为改善航空弧齿锥齿轮的承载啮合性能,结合ease-off技术提出一种波动齿面设计方法以降低高重合度弧齿锥齿轮的承载传动误差。鉴于中凹型修形曲线（修形齿面的几何传动误差曲线）可极大地减小高重合度弧齿锥齿轮传动的承载传动误差波动幅值,创建一种与高重合度相适应的波动齿面修形模型;结合ease-off技术建立以降低承载传动误差波动幅值为目标的优化模型;通过优化得到具有良好啮合性能的高重合度弧齿锥齿轮。分析发现:优化后2阶传动误差设计弧齿锥齿轮传动的承载传动误差波动幅值降低了34.152%,而由波动齿面设计方法所得改进修形弧齿锥齿轮的承载传动误差进一步降低了61.492%,有效地改善了高重合度弧齿锥齿轮传动性能,为高性能弧齿锥齿轮齿面设计奠定理论基础。      

Low sensitivity m ification for spiral bevel gears

为了改善航空弧齿锥齿轮的啮合稳定性,提出了齿面低敏感性修形．基于齿面误差和误差敏感性矩阵,建立齿面误差修正模型,用广义逆矩阵的最小二乘法求解超越方程组,获得机床调整参数的修正量;对齿面进行3段抛物线修形,将修形后的齿面作为目标齿面,采用齿面误差修正的方法求得相应的机床调整参数;仿真算例表明：经过低敏感性修形,降低了齿面印痕的误差敏感性、提高了齿轮副的容差范围,但齿根弯曲强度下降了4．28％．因此,通过合理选择齿面修形系数,可降低齿根强度的变化,改善齿轮副啮合稳定性．     

弧齿锥齿轮误差敏感性优化设计

从齿面结构上提出了通过优化差曲面全曲率来改善弧齿锥齿轮的安装误差敏感性问题的方法.推导了啮合点处沿齿线方向的两啮合齿面全曲率作为敏感性系数,分析了局部综合参数和参考点位置参数对参考点处的敏感系数的影响.提出了通过优化传动比一阶导数、接触迹线方向、二阶变性系数和三阶变性系数,获得对安装误差敏感性低的小轮加工参数.算例表明:优化后的齿轮副在啮合过程中的敏感性系数控制在较小范围之内,传动误差的幅值和对称性均满足设计要求,改善了齿轮副的啮合质量.      

带前缘涡轮动叶内冷通道流动换热数值模拟

在静止条件下,通过数值模拟的方法对接近真实的带前缘涡轮工作叶片腔模型内的流动与换热进行了分析.结果表明:腔内斜肋引发的三维涡对换热产生了巨大的影响,在一倍肋高范围内, Y-Z 和 X-Y 平面上都出现了肋后涡,使得此处传热系数降低;在 X-Z 平面上,第2通道产生一对方向相反的涡,第3通道只产生一个涡.两个通道中的涡都占据整个横截面,这些涡增加了通道流阻.冲击和气膜流动主导了前缘通道内的换热,冲击产生的一对涡加强了流动掺混,促进了前缘吸、压力面上的换热,而高速的气膜出流推动了这一过程.相同流量工况下,第2通道带肋表面的平均换热和局部换热都是最好的,而光滑的第1通道总压降最小,综合换热性能在各个通道中最高.随着雷诺数的增加,各通道吸、压力面的局部换热和平均换热都增强,但压降系数变化不大.      

一种弧齿锥齿轮传动性能优化方法

 以期望的传动误差曲线为目标,首次提出了弧齿锥齿轮传动误差曲线优化的泛变性(GMR)方法,它是对局部综合法的一种改进。首先讨论了齿面接触印痕和传动误差曲线的计算方法,并在传统局部综合法基础上提出了泛变性局部综合法,给出了该方法的理论基础即局部综合公式和齿面接触方程,接着分析了对弧齿锥齿轮传动性能尤其是传动误差影响最大的两个加工参数即小轮切削速比和三阶变性系数的变化规律,最后对某具体航空弧齿锥齿轮副的传动误差曲线和齿面接触印痕进行了泛变性优化设计。结果表明：当小轮切削速比取0621 9且三阶变性系数取-0021 99时,轮齿接触分析(TCA)实际传动误差曲线比较对称且与期望曲线较好地吻合,而齿面接触印痕几乎没有变化,由此证明泛变性法对传动性能控制的有效性和稳定性。该研究工作对于航空齿轮传动系统具有重要的实际意义。