A uniform anthropomorphological approach to the human conception of dimensional relations

Within psycholinguistics, the dimensional conception of space is described through a variety of theoretical constructs, e.g., frames of reference, perspectives, strategies, and patterns. The objective of this paper is to introduce a uniform classification of the alternatives of dimensionally conceiving of object relations, derived from the functional and morphological asymmetries of the human body which define an anthropomorphous Origo, and from our ability to mentally project the Origo into positions and orientations other than we actually occupy. Particularly, the conception of dimensional relations on the first horizontal line is explained through the principle of perceptual accessibility of objects; this allows for the uniform treatment of (almost) all conceptual alternatives from basic psychological principles. Finally, some implications of this anthropomorphological view for the human cognition of dimensional relations are discussed and underpinned with empirical results.     

Young Children's Perception of Diagrammatic Representations

Diagrams and pictorial representations are common in children's lives and require abstraction away from visual perception. In three experiments, we investigated 4- to 8-year-olds’ comprehension of such representations. In Experiment 1 (N = 80), children were shown photographs of geometric objects and asked to choose the corresponding line drawing from among sets of four, or vice versa. Results showed considerable developmental progression, especially around age 6. Experiment 2 (N = 16) ruled out that 4-year-olds’ difficulties were due to problems with the visual matching task itself. Experiment 3 (N = 32) showed comparable performance for matching diagrams to 3D objects rather than to photographs. Findings suggest increasing understanding of diagrammatic representations around the time of school entry.     

线阵CCD在风洞轨迹测量试验技术中的应用研究

针对风洞试验中轨迹测量问题,设计了由3个一维线阵CCD成像单元组成的实时空间位移测量系统。提出了一种基于特征边缘提取的组合特征定位WBT算法,可以有效提高系统精确度和抗振动干扰能力。应用该系统在风洞中测量了覆冰导线的舞动轨迹,完成了导线舞动规律研究。     

Study of values and interpersonal perception in cosmonauts on board of international space station

The increased heterogeneity of International Space Station (ISS) crews′ composition (in terms of nationality, profession and gender) together with stressful situations, due to space flight, can have a significant impact on group interaction and cohesion, as well as on communications with Mission Control Center (MCC) and the success of the mission as a whole. Culturally related differences in values, goals, and behavioral norms could influence mutual perception and, thus, cohesive group formation. The purpose of onboard “Interaction-Attitudes” experiment is to study the patterns of small group (space crew) behavior in extended space flight. Onboard studies were performed in the course of ISS Missions 19–30 with participation of twelve Russian crewmembers. Experimental schedule included 3 phases: preflight training and Baseline Data Collection; inflight activities once in two weeks; post-flight measurement. We used Personal Self-Perception and Attitudes (PSPA) software for analyzing subjects′ attitudes toward social environment (crewmembers and MCC). It is based on the semantic differential and the repertory grid technique. To study the content of interpersonal perception we used content-analysis with participation of the experts, independently attributing each construct to the 17 semantic categories, which were described in our previous study. The data obtained demonstrated that the system of values and personal attitudes in the majority of participated cosmonauts remained mostly stable under stress-factors of extended space flight. Content-analysis of the important criteria elaborated by the subjects for evaluation of their social environment, showed that the most valuable personal traits for cosmonauts were those that provided the successful fulfillment of professional activity (motivation, intellectual level, knowledge, and self-discipline) and good social relationships (sociability, friendship, and tolerance), as well. Post-flight study of changes in perceptions, related to Real Self-image, did not reveal significant differences between the images of Russian crew-members and representatives from foreign space agencies. A certain difference in perceptions was found in cosmonauts with more integrated system of evaluations: after space flight they perceived foreign participants as “closer” to their Ideal, while Russian crew-members were perceived mostly as “distant” from Ideal Self of these subjects. Perceptions of people from Earth were also more critical. These differences are likely to be manifestations of interpersonal perception stereotypes. Described patterns of changes in perceptions of cosmonauts, who have performed space flight as a part of ISS multinational crew, allow us to suggest the recommendations for development of ISS crew training, in particular, it seems useful to increase the time of joint training for deepening of intercultural interaction.     

聚类分析在空间信息智能处理中的应用研究

空间信息服务平台由于实施标准,技术规范和类型格式等方面存在不一致和含糊不明确性,且空间信息数据量过于庞大,为有效的从中获取符合应用需求的空间信息,将聚类分析应用于空间信息的智能处理当中。首先进行空间信息数据的特征提取、扩充和合并,然后结合粗糙集模型和K原型算法进行聚类分析,最后通过选择和设计合适的评价指标对聚类结果进行评价,为空间信息数据的规范化和标准化处理提供一定的技术支持。     

基于MTFC的遥感图像复原方法

遥感图像在成像过程中受到大气、光学系统、探测器、平台运动和电路等因素的影响,引起图像退化,图像复原算法可以改善遥感图像像质,提高图像信息的解译能力。文章介绍了调制传递函数补偿（modulation transfer function compensation,MTFC）算法的原理,从遥感成像的链路环节出发,分析了MTFC的原理,提出了一种星上实时遥感图像MTFC复原算法。通过卷积系数和抑噪参数的优化设计,在提高图像清晰度的同时能较好地抑制噪声;对不同卷积和抑噪参数的图像复原效果进行了对比,从主观和客观两个方面对复原图像进行了评价。实验结果表明,该算法能有效提高图像像质,增强图像的高频部分,采用不同类型的卫星遥感图像验证了算法的适应性。     

基于多种空间信息的高光谱遥感图像分类方法

在高光谱遥感图像分类方法中,空间特征和光谱特征的融合可以有效地改善分类效果。针对单一空间特征的信息表达不充分问题,提出了一种联合多种空间特征的高光谱图像空谱分类方法。利用超像素信息对分类结果进行后处理去掉椒盐噪声,并创造性地将超像素信息应用于分类前处理,提出了一种利用超像素信息对像素点的特征向量进行线性加权融合的方法。试验结果表明,所提方法的性能优于目前的通常方法。     

大入射余角海杂波相关特性分析及幅度拟合

对入射余角44°到74°的海杂波实测数据进行时间相关性、空间相关性分析,并提出了一种新的海杂波幅度拟合混合分布。实验表明,海杂波相关时间维持在毫秒量级,且随着入射余角增加,先增加后减小,时间相关性最强的入射余角在60°左右,而平均相关距离单元个数一直增加。通过KK分布、Rayleigh分布与K分布的对比,表明新的混合分布对大入射余角海杂波的拖尾特性具有良好的拟合效果。     

一种改进的GM-C-CPHD空间多目标跟踪算法

随着空间目标的数目急剧上升,提高空间多目标跟踪精度成为必然要求,但空间多目标跟踪存在轨道动力学模型不完善的问题。针对该问题,提出一种改进的高斯混合势概率假设密度滤波(GM-C-CPHD)算法。通过在轨道动力学模型中考虑一个不确定性模型参数,即面质比参数(AMR),基于协方差传递面质比参数对位置、速度状态估计的影响,提高空间目标跟踪精度。仿真分析表明:相对于GM-CPHD滤波器,目标数量的跟踪和状态估计性能均有所提高,具有良好的应用前景。