我国航天器带电技术研究进展

航天器与空间带电粒子环境相互作用引起的带电现象是其在轨发生故障和异常的重要因素。近年来,随着航天器性能的提升和技术发展,航天器带电技术研究的范围也大大扩展。文章简要回顾了我国航天器带电技术发展的历史,并从理论研究、地面模拟试验、数值模拟和带电防护等方面介绍国内航天器带电技术研究的进展。     

航天器装配定位机构的设计与实现

航天器装配定位机构是重要的技术改造项目之一,用于舱段精密对接与分解,其通过与空间定位系统、自动起吊装置的配合,实现舱段对接与分解过程的量化识别与自动控制。该机构主要设计有质心捕获、自动调平和旋转等功能,为舱段对接与分解提供基础支撑平台、航天器空间姿态调整和相关数据支持。文章阐述了航天器装配定位机构原理,并对其主要功能的实现方法进行了设计。     

航天器表面充电仿真计算和电位主动控制技术

文章运用等效电路理论推导出随时间变化充电问题的微分方程组,用FORTRAN语言开发了相应的计算机模拟程序,针对强地磁亚暴空间环境分析了地球同步轨道航天器在阴影区和光照区的充电水平。最后计算讨论了采用空心阴极等离子体接触器向航天器外发射电子束作为控制航天器充电水平手段的作用效果。     

空间碎片防护研究最新进展

空间碎片对在轨航天器的安全运行构成了严重威胁,对航天器的撞击事件频繁发生。随着空间碎片环境的日趋恶化,航天器的防护变得越来越重要。文章从空间碎片环境模型、撞击风险评估、航天器部件损伤、防护材料与结构的超高速撞击试验、撞击试验数据库建设、超高速发射设备、在轨撞击感知、机构间超高速发射设备交叉校验等方面对国内外空间碎片防护研究的进展进行了总结,并在此基础上给出我国未来空间碎片防护研究的发展建议。     

航天器红外成像检漏方法研究

红外成像检漏技术以其独特的优势在航天器检漏领域有良好的发展应用前景。文章分析了红外光谱吸收成像检漏方法、红外光声成像检漏方法及红外热成像检漏方法的基本原理与应用实例,分析研究了这几种不同红外检漏方法的特点及在航天器检漏中的应用范围,并为实施航天器红外检漏方法提供了研究思路与途径。     

Attitude Control Considering Variable Input Saturation Limit for a Spacecraft Equipped with Flywheels

A new attitude controller is proposed for spacecraft whose actuator has variable input saturation limit. There are three identical flywheels orthogonally mounted on board. Each rotor is driven by a brushless DC motor (BLDCM). Models of spacecraft attitude dynamics and flywheel rotor driving motor electromechanics are discussed in detail. The controller design is similar to saturation limit linear assignment. An auxiliary parameter and a boundary coefficient are imported into the controller to guarantee system stability and improve control performance. A time-varying and state-dependent flywheel output torque saturation limit model is established. Stability of the closed-loop control system and asymptotic convergence of system states are proved via Lyapunov methods and LaSalle invariance principle. Boundedness of the auxiliary parameter ensures that the control objective can be achieved, while the boundary parameter’s value makes a balance between system control performance and flywheel utilization efficiency. Compared with existing controllers, the newly developed controller with variable torque saturation limit can bring smoother control and faster system response. Numerical simulations validate the effectiveness of the controller.     

Delay Depending Decentralized Adaptive Attitude Synchronization Tracking Control of Spacecraft Formation

This paper deals with the problem of cooperative attitude tracking with time-varying communication delays as well as the delays between inter-synchronization control parts and self-tracking control parts in the spacecraft formation flying. First, we present the attitude synchronization tracking control algorithms and analyze the sufficient delay-dependent stability condition with the choice of a Lyapunov function when the angular velocity can be measured. More specifically, a class of linear filters is developed to derive an output feedback control law without having direct information of the angular velocity, which is significant for practical applications with low-cost configurations of spacecraft. Using a well-chosen Lyapunov-Krasovskii function, it is proven that the presented control law can make the spacecraft formation attitude tracking system synchronous and achieve exponential stability, in the face of model uncertainties, as well as non-uniform time-varying delays in communication links and different control parts. Finally, simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control schemes.     

排气式气囊最大过载特性研究

文章通过对排气式气囊进行数学建模,研究了排气式气囊的整个缓冲过程。并通过对模型的分析和对圆柱形排气式气囊的仿真计算,得到了圆柱形排气式气囊的尺寸、初始参数等因素与最大过载之间的关系。仿真结果对数学模型进行了很好的验证,可以为后续气囊的设计试验提供帮助,并为中国下一步开展月球及火星着陆探测等深空探测任务提供一定的参考。     

带栅格翼导弹超声速阶段滚转阻尼导数的数值研究

滚转阻尼导数是判断导弹动稳定性的重要气动参数。采用求解定常流场的方法,对超声速阶段平板翼翼身组合体和栅格翼翼身组合体的滚转特性进行数值模拟,并与平板翼翼身组合体的实验数据相比,符合较好。计算结果表明,栅格翼的滚转阻尼导数变化复杂,由于弹体背风面分离流和栅格翼翼面失速的影响,滚转阻尼导数随着攻角增加有两次明显转折;平板翼的滚转阻尼导数随着马赫数增加逐渐减小,而栅格翼的滚转阻尼导数随马赫数同样呈现两次转折,在Ma=3.5达到最大值。     

疏水改性ZSM-5吸附剂吸附CO2研究

传统方法采用5A沸石分子筛控制航天器舱内CO2浓度,因沸石与水蒸气的亲和力较大,在高湿度条件下将导致CO2吸附的失效。通过ZSM-5分子筛与无机硅粘结剂、助剂和水混合成面团状后挤压成形、干燥、焙烧,制备了一种分子筛吸附剂,经水蒸气/酸洗,疏水改性处理后,通过低温N2吸脱附、H2O/CO2吸附等温线、XRD等手段进行表征和评价。结果表明,所制备的疏水分子筛吸附剂比表面积达296m2/g,CO2的吸附性能略有提高,且疏水性优良,在90%相对湿度下吸水率只有约1%。