Who’s supporting space activities? An ‘issue public’ for US space policy

Using data from the General Social Survey, this research identifies the issue public of US space policy. Highlighting the need to understand and identify the portion of the public that supports space activities, this study underscores the limited appeal of space for the public as a whole. We find that those who support space activities tend to be younger, male, Republican, and have a higher level of education and socioeconomic status. Because these characteristics make up a relatively small proportion of the American population, those supporting space activities must broaden the appeal of space, making it more accessible and understandable for those with whom the issue does not have much saliency.     

航天飞机简化模型流场测量

叙述航天飞机简化模型流场测量与观察，进行了旋涡场测量，机身压力分布测量和组合体的油流观察。试验Ｍ数为０．４，０．６，０．８，１．５，攻角为０°，６°，８°，１０°，１２°，１５°，１７°和２０°。分析三种方法所得结果，符合得很好     

系统思想在航天企业全面风险管理实施中的应用

介绍了风险管理国际标准ISO31000的核心内容——风险管理框架,以及系统思想的基本理念;以系统观点和方法为基础,对国际标准在航天企业全面风险管理中的应用进行了探讨。通过对全面风险管理工作的系统分解与集成,并以其中的"环境"分系统建设为例,进一步细分工作内容,与现有业务管理工作相结合,探索出全面风险管理工作在航天企业落地的基本路径。     

利用浮空器提高临近空间的探测预警能力

概述了浮空器在临近空间探测预警上的作用，在此基础上，重点阐述了浮空器作为临近空间探测平台的优势，并与卫星和预警飞机进行了比较分析。主要针对美国对于浮空器的军事应用和进展，如利用浮空器对巡航导弹的探测应用等进行了介绍，最后得出结论。     

双拦截弹拦截单目标边界型微分对策制导律研究

针对战术弹道导弹、高超声速巡航导弹和无人飞行器等新型具有高机动性能的防空目标,为提高成功拦截的概率,采用多枚拦截弹进行拦截。应用微分对策理论,将双拦截弹拦截单目标的末段制导问题建模为“二对一追踪-逃逸”对策模型。考虑最大加速度约束,研究了两枚拦截弹的拦截空间分解和对策空间分布,并通过仿真研究了制导律性能。结果表明：采用两枚拦截弹拦截时,脱靶量对目标机动方向的转变时间具有很好的鲁棒性。     

通过全球专利分析看深空探测 自主导航与控制技术发展

深空探测作为人类航天活动的重要方向,是人类探索宇宙奥秘和寻求长久发展的必然途径,也是衡量一个国家综合国力和科学技术发展水平的重要标志.作为深空探测中的一类重要技术,自主导航与控制技术越来越多地受到关注并得到应用,成为各国深空探测技术研究和发展的热点之一.以深空探测自主导航与控制技术为对象,通过专利检索分析,研究国内外发展现状,试图获得技术趋势.     

基于拉盖尔函数的卫星姿态预测控制方法

针对卫星在空间站中进行绕飞检测时的姿态控制问题，考虑卫星的姿态轴需要躲避禁飞区域并指向期望位置，提出了一种基于拉盖尔函数的模型预测控制方法，实现了对卫星姿态轴的控制。在模型预测控制方法的基础上，通过拉盖尔函数，将优化多个控制输入转换为优化少数的拉盖尔系数，建立了拉盖尔模型预测的控制策略，改善了传统的模型预测控制方法计算效率差的问题，减少了优化时间。采用卫星在空间站中绕飞的模型进行数值仿真验证，结果表明该方法能够使卫星的姿态轴躲避禁飞区并到达指定位置。与传统方法相比，这种基于拉盖尔函数的模型预测控制策略能够提高优化效率，减少计算时间。     

Solar Sources of Heliospheric Energetic Electron Events—Shocks or Flares?

Electrons with near-relativistic (E≳30 keV, NrR) and relativistic (E≳0.3 MeV) energies are often observed as discrete events in the inner heliosphere following solar transient activity. Several acceleration mechanisms have been proposed for the production of those electrons. One candidate is acceleration at MHD shocks driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) with speeds ≳1000 km s⁻¹. Many NrR electron events are temporally associated only with flares while others are associated with flares as well as with CMEs or with radio type II shock waves. Since CME onsets and associated flares are roughly simultaneous, distinguishing the sources of electron events is a serious challenge. On a phenomenological basis two classes of solar electron events were known several decades ago, but recent observations have presented a more complex picture. We review early and recent observational results to deduce different electron event classes and their viable acceleration mechanisms, defined broadly as shocks versus flares. The NrR and relativistic electrons are treated separately. Topics covered are: solar electron injection delays from flare impulsive phases; comparisons of electron intensities and spectra with flares, CMEs and accompanying solar energetic proton (SEP) events; multiple spacecraft observations; two-phase electron events; coronal flares; shock-associated (SA) events; electron spectral invariance; and solar electron intensity size distributions. This evidence suggests that CME-driven shocks are statistically the dominant acceleration mechanism of relativistic events, but most NrR electron events result from flares. Determining the solar origin of a given NrR or relativistic electron event remains a difficult proposition, and suggestions for future work are given.     

Relativistic electrons high doses at International Space Station and Foton M2/M3 satellites

The paper presents observation of relativistic electrons. Data are collected by the Radiation Risk Radiometer-Dosimeters (R3D) B2/B3 modifications during the flights of Foton M2/M3 satellites in 2005 and 2007 as well as by the R3DE instrument at the European Technology Exposure Facility (EuTEF) on the Columbus External Payload Adaptor at the International Space Station (ISS) in the period February 20 – April 28, 2008. On the Foton M2/M3 satellites relativistic electrons are observed more frequently than on the ISS because of higher (62.8°) inclination of the orbit. At both Foton satellites the usual duration of the observations are a few minutes long. On the ISS the duration usually is about 1 min or less. The places of observations of high doses due to relativistic electrons are distributed mainly at latitudes above 50° geographic latitude in both hemispheres on Foton M2/M3 satellites. A very high maximum is found in the southern hemisphere at longitudinal range 0°–60°E. At the ISS the maximums are observed between 45° and 52° geographic latitude in both hemispheres mainly at longitudes equatorward from the magnetic poles. The measured absolute maximums of dose rates generated by relativistic electrons are found to be as follows: 304 μGy h⁻¹ behind 1.75 g cm⁻² shielding at Foton M2, 2314 μGy h⁻¹ behind 0.71 g cm⁻² shielding at Foton M3 and 19,195 μGy h⁻¹ (Flux is 8363 cm⁻² s⁻¹) behind les than 0.4 g cm⁻² shielding at ISS.     

空间电子攻击的体系作战效用及发展对策

通过分析空间电子攻击在打击对象多、方式灵活多样,打击速度快、隐蔽突然,效果等同于火力打击、太空安全隐患小等方面的优势,得出了"空间电子攻击具有很大的发展潜力,是未来空间对抗力量发展的重心"的结论。通过分析空间电子攻击在遮态势感知耳目、断信息分发链路、破精确打击能力、实施战略威慑方面发挥体系作战效用的机理,论证了空间电子攻击的体系作战效用。通过分析还提出空间电子攻击力量的发展对策。