Global aerodynamic design optimization based on data dimensionality reduction

In aerodynamic optimization, global optimization methods such as genetic algorithms are preferred in many cases because of their advantage on reaching global optimum. However, for complex problems in which large number of design variables are needed, the computational cost becomes prohibitive, and thus original global optimization strategies are required. To address this need, data dimensionality reduction method is combined with global optimization methods, thus forming a new global optimization system, aiming to improve the efficiency of conventional global optimization. The new optimization system involves applying Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) in dimensionality reduction of design space while maintaining the generality of original design space. Besides, an acceleration approach for samples calculation in surrogate modeling is applied to reduce the computational time while providing sufficient accuracy. The optimizations of a transonic airfoil RAE2822 and the transonic wing ONERA M6 are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed new optimization system. In both cases, we manage to reduce the number of design variables from 20 to 10 and from 42 to 20 respectively. The new design optimization system converges faster and it takes 1/3 of the total time of traditional optimization to converge to a better design, thus significantly reducing the overall optimization time and improving the efficiency of conventional global design optimization method.     

Optimization of entry-vehicle shapes during conceptual design

During the conceptual design of a re-entry vehicle, the vehicle shape and geometry can be varied and its impact on performance can be evaluated. In this study, the shape optimization of two classes of vehicles has been studied: a capsule and a winged vehicle. Their aerodynamic characteristics were analyzed using local-inclination methods, automatically selected per vehicle segment. Entry trajectories down to Mach 3 were calculated assuming trimmed conditions. For the winged vehicle, which has both a body flap and elevons, a guidance algorithm to track a reference heat-rate was used. Multi-objective particle swarm optimization was used to optimize the shape using objectives related to mass, volume and range. The optimizations show a large variation in vehicle performance over the explored parameter space. Areas of very strong non-linearity are observed in the direct neighborhood of the two-dimensional Pareto fronts. This indicates the need for robust exploration of the influence of vehicle shapes on system performance during engineering trade-offs, which are performed during conceptual design. A number of important aspects of the influence of vehicle behavior on the Pareto fronts are observed and discussed. There is a nearly complete convergence to narrow-wing solutions for the winged vehicle. Also, it is found that imposing pitch-stability for the winged vehicle at all angles of attack results in vehicle shapes which require upward control surface deflections during the majority of the entry.     

基于EFFD方法的自然层流短舱优化设计

采用extended free-form deformation(EFFD)方法研究了自然层流(natural laminar flow,NLF)短舱的气动外形优化设计方法.使用基于Bernstein基函数的EFFD方法完成了NLF短舱剖面的参数化,利用基于k-εSST(shear stress transport)两方程湍流模型的γ-θ转捩模型进行自然转捩预测,结合EFFD、一种混合动网格方法、Kriging代理模型和改进的粒子群算法(particle swarm optimization,PSO)建立了针对NLF短舱气动外形的优化设计框架.采用该框架分别对通气NLF短舱和带动力NLF短舱进行优化设计.单独通气NLF短舱优化结果的外表面实现48%的层流,阻力系数比初始通气NLF短舱减小了0.0003.带动力NLF短舱的优化结果外表面保持了41%的层流.这些结果表明采用相关技术建立的优化设计框架在NLF短舱设计中具有一定应用价值.     

环氧树脂基形状记忆复合材料的制备与性能

以自制的形状记忆环氧树脂为基体,CCF300级碳纤维U-3160织物为增强材料,采用真空袋成型工艺制备形状记忆复合材料,分析碳纤维含量对复合材料的形状记忆性能的影响。结果表明,当碳纤维含量为0%~50%时,随着增强体碳纤维含量的增加,复合材料的形状固定率由98%降至91%,形状回复率也由98%降至91%。在有限次的循环实验中,循环次数对形状固定率和形状回复率没有明显的影响。     

MSMA振动发电机的建模与仿真

振动发电就是利用电磁感应、压电技术、智能材料等将外部的机械振动能量通过一定装置转换成电能,实现机械振动能量和电能的转换.在分析磁控形状记忆合金（Magnetic Shape MemoryAlloy,简称MSMA）振动发电原理的基础上,利用MSMA智能材料的维拉利效应对振动能量进行收集,建立了MSMA振动发电机的数学模型,求出振动发电机感应电动势与压应力及外加磁场的数学关系.分析了振动应力幅值、频率的响应特性,仿真结果验证了MSMA振动发电的可行性.     

萧山国际商务中心风载风洞试验研究

本文介绍了杭州萧山国际商务中心双塔楼的表面风压风洞试验及主要试验结果,分析讨论了该双塔楼沿高度变化的体型系数、对结构的顺风向、横风向风载以及扭矩,为整体结构和表面玻璃幕墙设计提供了合理的风载荷参数.     

超高温度梯度定向凝固NiMnFeGa磁致形状记忆合金

利用超高温度梯度定向凝固装置制备出定向Ni51.2Mn20.0Fe13.0Ga15.8磁致形状记忆合金.沿晶体生长方向凝固组织由等轴晶逐渐过渡为柱状晶,马氏体变体取向性明显,γ相愈加细小,分布愈加均匀.Ni51.2Mn20.0-Fe13.0Ga15.8合金在加热和冷却过程中发生热致马氏体相变及逆相变,马氏体相变温度Ms＝121.3℃,Mf＝99.3℃,As＝118℃,Af＝147℃.     

前缘参数对翼型气动-隐身特性敏感性分析

针对翼面部件对隐身飞机气动和隐身性能影响更为突出的问题,提出了一种翼型前缘参数化修形方法,采用高精度气动和电磁数值计算方法,进行了前缘形状对翼型气动-隐身特性的敏感性分析。研究结果表明:翼型前缘半径增加,其最大升力系数、失速迎角、最大升阻比显著增加,但其前向RCS均值也增加明显,设计时需进行综合权衡;在不影响结构和装载的情况下,下表面偏角尽量小,修形长度取0.15c,对翼型的低、高速气动和隐身特性都有利。     

管状三维四向织物编织密度均匀性分析

管状三维四向织物因形状的变化和不同截面编织时增减编织纱的不连续织物编织密度存在不均。本文分析了常用管状产品编织密度的主烨形和最大,最小密度位置,可为管状三上向织物的质量控制提供依据。     

提高形状记忆合金丝工作频率的一种方法

研究了提高形状记忆合金（SMA）工作频率的物理方法--研制细丝。给出了拉拔细丝的工艺流程,从理论上分析了在不同的加热和冷却过程中丝径与响应速度的关系,对2种丝径的SMA丝进行了性能对比测试。同时测定了2种丝径的SMA的响应速度。结果表明,丝径的减小对丝的相变性能,如最大恢复应变、最大恢复应力等影响不大,但可显着提高其动作频率。