A cost driven predictive maintenance policy for structural airframe maintenance

Airframe maintenance is traditionally performed at scheduled maintenance stops.The decision to repair a fuselage panel is based on a fixed crack size threshold,which allows to ensure the aircraft safety until the next scheduled maintenance stop.With progress in sensor technology and data processing techniques,structural health monitoring (SHM) systems are increasingly being considered in the aviation industry.SHM systems track the aircraft health state continuously,lead ing to the possibility of planning maintenance based on an actual state of aircraft rather than on a fixed schedule.This paper builds upon a model-based prognostics framework that the authors developed in their previous work,which couples the Extended Kalman filter (EKF) with a first order perturbation (FOP) method.By using the information given by this prognostics method,a novel cost driven predictive maintenance (CDPM) policy is proposed,which ensures the aircraft safety while minimizing the maintenance cost.The proposed policy is formally derived based on the trade-off between probabilities of occurrence of scheduled and unscheduled maintenance.A numerical case study simulating the maintenance process of an entire fleet of aircrafts is imple mented.Under the condition of assuring the same safety level,the CDPM is compared in terms of cost with two other maintenance policies:scheduled maintenance and threshold based SHM maintenance.The comparison results show CDPM could lead to significant cost savings.     

跨介质航行器流体动力外形仿生设计

跨介质航行器是一种可在空中与水中两栖巡航并能自由穿越水气界面的新概念海空两栖无人运动平台,需要具备良好的入水和出水性能及较小的水下流体阻力。采用两种生物组合仿生的设计思想,利用全自动三维影像扫描仪获取具有优良入水性能的翠鸟头部和龙虱身体的形体特征点云数据,应用傅立叶级数拟合方法拟合特征曲线,设计了一种跨介质航行器流体动力外形,为减小航行器入水冲击载荷、降低水下航行阻力提供了设计方案。     

基于ANFIS的智能导航自适应滤波算法研究

智能导弹等智能化飞行器在快速跨域、高速机动飞行时,由于传感器切换、外形改变等因素,会对组合导航信息融合系统引入随机非Gauss噪声等影响,离线优化的参数往往不能满足滤波器精度的需求。自适应网络模糊推理系统ANFIS是一种将人工神经网络和模糊推理技术相结合而成,符合人类认知特点的决策方法,它可以对导航数据进行学习,实现智能决策、实时修改滤波器内部参数,对滤波器进行优化。仿真结果表明,基于ANFIS优化的智能导航自适应滤波算法可以有效减少噪声和干扰带来的影响,提高导航精度。     

Real-time object tracking via least squares transformation in spatial and Fourier domains for unmanned aerial vehicles

This paper addresses the problem of real-time object tracking for unmanned aerial vehicles. We consider the task of object tracking as a classification problem. Training a good classifier always needs a huge number of samples, which is always time-consuming and not suitable for realtime applications. In this paper, we transform the large-scale least-squares problem in the spatial domain to a series of small-scale least-squares problems with constraints in the Fourier domain using the correlation filter technique. Then, this problem is efficiently solved by two stages. In the first stage, a fast method based on recursive least squares is used to solve the correlation filter problem without constraints in the Fourier domain. In the second stage, a weight matrix is constructed to prune the solution attained in the first stage to approach the constraints in the spatial domain. Then, the pruned classifier is used for tracking. To evaluate proposed tracker's performance, comprehensive experiments are conducted on challenging aerial sequences in the UAV123 dataset. Experimental results demonstrate that proposed approach achieves a state-ofthe-art tracking performance in aerial sequences and operates at a mean speed of beyond 40 frames/s. For further analysis of proposed tracker's robustness, extensive experiments are also performed on recent benchmarks OTB50, OTB100, and VOT2016.     

基于UKF的实时弹道解算参数稳健设计

在基于UKF(Unscented Kalman Filter,无迹卡尔曼滤波)的实时弹道解算应用中,外部环境不稳定的影响以及观测过程中野值的存在,使得基于经验参数设置的滤波易于发散.因此,需要针对指定型号调节和设置滤波器参数的取值,使其克服上述现象.针对这一问题,提出了基于理论弹道先验的参数稳健设计方法,对滤波器参数最优值进行预测.从滤波器的架构出发,梳理出影响滤波器性能的相关参数,结合稳健设计思想,外设计部分基于理论弹道先验信息,通过模拟弹道特征点构造弹道观测模型;而内设计部份,构造模型的测元数据进行正交试验,判断参数的显著性,获取相应的最优参数取值,从而为实时解算弹道的参数设置提供指导.实际数据试验结果表明,该方法可显著提高滤波器的实算稳健性和收敛性能.     

基于NHDO的机动目标拦截攻击角度约束导引律

为了精确控制导弹在有限时间内以期望攻击角度拦截机动目标,采用将导弹自动驾驶仪简化为惯性环节的方法,结合终端滑模控制理论设计了一种带攻击角度约束的有限时间收敛制导律。为了滤除视线角速率噪声,提出一种非线性跟踪微分滤波器对噪声进行滤波,建立了考虑滤波的制导系统状态方程,基于此方程设计非齐次干扰观测器,用于目标机动不确定项的估计补偿。仿真结果表明,所设计的制导律能达到对视线角速率有效滤波,对目标机动状态精确估计的目的,克服系统动态延迟对制导精度的不利影响,满足攻击角度和制导精度的双重要求。     

基于距离信息的行人协同导航研究

针对行人在室内导航中GPS信息无法获取以及纯惯导解算结果发散严重的问题,提出了通过协同导航的方式提高行人室内导航精度的方法.利用行人间的相对距离约束关系,抑制纯惯导解算结果的发散.详细推导了行人协同导航的模型,采用信息滤波的方法解算导航结果,并在理论推导中发现信息滤波更加适合行人协同导航的工程实践.设计了一种使用微型惯性测量器和超宽带测距设备的行人协同导航系统,进行实际效果验证.通过数据采集与处理,将行人导航轨迹图输出,分析协同导航以及单独导航的误差,验证协同导航的有效性.实验结果表明,协同导航与单独导航相比,对导航轨迹和导航误差有更好的修正效果.     

基于参数化分析的柔性后缘优化设计

介绍了一种自适应柔性机翼后缘变形控制优化设计方法,该方法采用了由单个驱动器驱动的单块式分布柔性结构。该方法的关键在于设计一种合适的柔性后缘结构拓扑形式,使该自适应柔性机翼后缘能够达到精确的变形。阐明了柔性结构拓扑优化设计的数学模型,针对自适应柔性机翼后缘概念设计提出了基于参数化分析的拓扑优化设计方案,并进行了工程化圆整和尺寸优化。最终,通过非线性有限元分析和功能测试,验证了本文提出的柔性后缘优化设计方法的合理性。     

基于比例复数积分+重复控制的三相LC并网逆变器控制策略研究

针对传统PI控制的局限性,采用基于复数域的比例复数积分(PCI)控制与重复控制并联的新型控制策略,其中PCI控制可以在给定条件下消除交流稳态误差,重复控制能够抑制并网电流谐波,提高稳态控制精度。该新型控制策略可以较好地控制交流信号,能直接应用于三相abc坐标系,省去坐标变化环节,节约逆变器控制系统成本。最后通过MATLAB/Simulink仿真平台,建立LC型滤波器的逆变器并网模型,仿真分析证明了该控制策略的可行性。     

直刃尖刀形状对超声辅助切削系统振动性能的影响

基于超声振动设计理论并结合超声振动变幅杆,设计了一种用于弱刚度材料超声辅助切割的直刃尖刀.建立了直刃尖刀和超声振动系统一体的有限元模型,系统分析了直刃尖刀刀体长度、厚度参数对超声振动系统谐振频率、振幅放大倍数和刀具纵向振幅的影响,探讨了刀具横向和侧向振幅沿刀具轴线方向的分布规律.针对特定的超声振动系统,确定了综合性能最优的刀具参数.研制了具有不同形状参数的去刃模拟刀具,并安装于同一超声振动系统进行测试,对仿真分析结论进行验证,理论分析与试验结果相一致.根据理论分析确定的最佳参数研制了直刃尖刀并测试了其振动性能.研究结论对超声辅助切削加工的直刃刀尖的研制提供了理论指导.