基于Krylov子空间法的柔性航天器降阶研究

带大型柔性附件的复杂航天器,其弹性变形通常用有限单元法描述.由于有限元节点坐标数目庞大将会给动力学方程求解和控制策略的实现带来巨大负担,因此对柔性太阳电池阵的动力学模型降阶进行研究.利用单向递推组集推导带太阳电池阵的航天器的刚柔耦合动力学方程,分别采用模态截断法、模态价值分析法和Krylov子空间法对太阳电池阵进行模型降阶,比较不同降阶模型和全有限元模型的动力学仿真结果.仿真结果表明,无论是否考虑大范围运动的影响,采用Krylov方法只需要较低的自由度就可以得到和采用有限元方法完全一致的结果.说明Krylov方法能够有效地降低航天器柔性附件的自由度,提高动力学仿真的效率,便于驱动控制的实现.     

航天器与空间碎片的混合编队重构控制与应用

针对空间碎片清理问题,提出了一种利用航天器与空间碎片混合编队队形重构控制技术捕获碎片的方法。首先,分析了地/月—日系L2拉格朗日平动点附近的限制性三体环境,并建立了编队卫星相对运动动力学模型;其次,提出了以太阳光压力作为航天器与空间碎片编队队形重构的控制力,实现各从星接近空间碎片的目的;最后,设计了基于线性二次型的最优控制器,并在Matlab/Simulink环境下进行仿真实验。仿真结果表明该方法可控制从星到达期望的位置(空间碎片的位置),且太阳帆板的姿态变化在可控范围内,进而证明了该方案可以应用于复杂空间环境下的碎片清理任务。     

Integration of high-fidelity model of forward variable area bypass injector into zero-dimensional variable cycle engine model

Forward Variable Area Bypass Injector (FVABI) is one of key components which contributes to modulate the cycle parameters of Variable Cycle Engine (VCE) under various operation conditions. The modeling method of zero-dimensional FVABI was reviewed and its deficiency was analyzed based on FVABI flow characteristic. In order to improve the accuracy of VCE performance simulation, the high-fidelity modeling method of FVABI was developed based on its working characteristics. Then it was coupled with the zero-dimensional VCE model and the multi-level VCE model was built. The results indicate that the geometric and aerodynamic parameters can affect the interaction between the two airflows and the zero-dimensional FVABI model is too simple to predict the component performance accurately, especially when the FVABI inner bypass is chocked. Based on the performance curves for single bypass mode and the regression model of multi-scale support vector regression for double bypass mode, the high-fidelity model can predict FVABI performance accurately and rapidly. The integration of high-fidelity FVABI model into zero-dimensional VCE model can be done by adjusting iterative variables and balance equations. The multi-level model has good convergence and it can predict VCE performance when the FVABI inner bypass is chocked.     

A novel virtual material layer model for predicting natural frequencies of composite bolted joints

A novel virtual material layer model based on the fractal theory was proposed to predict the natural frequencies of carbon fiber reinforced plastic composite bolted joints. Rough contact surfaces of composite bolted joints are modeled with this new proposed approach. Numerical and experimental modal analyses were conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model. A good consistence is noted between the numerical and experimental results. To demonstrate the necessity of accurately modeling the rough contact surfaces in the prediction of natural frequencies, virtual material layer model was compared with the widely used traditional model based on the Master-Slave contact algorithm and experiments, respectively. Results show that the proposed model has a better agreement with experiments than the widely used traditional model (the prediction accuracy is raised by 8.77% when the pre-tightening torque is 0.5 N∙m). Real contact area ratio A* of three different virtual material layers were calculated. Value of A* were discussed with dimensionless load P*, fractal dimension D and fractal roughness G. This work provides a new efficient way for accurately modeling the rough contact surfaces and predicting the natural frequencies of composite bolted joints, which can be used to help engineers in the dynamic design of composite materials.     

飞轮传感器的高斯混合模型故障检测方法

针对闭环控制的飞轮系统,本文采用一种基于高斯混合模型(GMM）的故障诊断方法检测飞轮的传感器故障。姿态机动的反作用飞轮是一个多工况系统。通过飞轮的历史观测数据建立飞轮的GMM模型,它用有限个高斯函数的加权组合来有效地拟合多工况的观测数据,利用基于贝叶斯推理的后验概率（BIP）指标计算新样本偏离GMM模型的程度,该指标能避免由于数据分类不确定而引起的误检测问题。仿真结果表明BIP指标不需要复杂的数学建模就能准确检测飞轮传感器故障。     

基于三维CFD的RBCC发动机建模方法

RBCC发动机可多模态工作,能适应宽广的飞行包线,因而其火箭尾流剪切作用变化强烈、流道截面变化大,喷油规律复杂,给发动机建模与控制研究带来困难。针对RBCC发动机的地面直连实验构型,采用三维CFD计算分析RBCC流场特点,研究发动机状态变量特征,并基于CFD计算结合拟合法的建模思路,建立了RBCC状态空间模型,模型的计算结果与三维CFD的计算结果有较好的吻合度,均方差满足要求。研究表明,在一定范围内增加计算特征数据点个数,可提高建模精度,但当计算特征数据点的个数超过20时,继续增加点的个数对精度的提高非常有限。     

超燃冲压发动机准一维建模研究

在准一维流理论的基础上,考虑了燃料流量、截面变化、壁面摩擦、燃烧效率、化学反应放热等因素,应用影响系数法,构建了包括前体/进气道、隔离段、燃烧室、后体/尾喷管的超燃冲压发动机内流场准一维分析模型,可快速计算发动机参数沿轴向的变化以及出口值,便于发动机性能分析;以一个机体/推进一体化单模块飞行器为研究对象,通过与三维CFD数值模型进行对比。结果表明,准一维计算模型能较好地对超燃冲压发动机进行快速计算与分析,在超燃冲压发动机的初步研究阶段具有重要的应用价值。     

大口径反射镜组件发射段环境的防振设计

主反射镜组件力学性能是相机结构设计的重点。文章介绍了反射镜组件的基本构型,分析了采用Bipod支撑结构的反射镜组件振动抑制的必要性。基于阻尼受迫振动模型微分方程,分析了频率比、阻尼比对随机振动传递率的影响,根据分析结果选择增大阻尼比作为反射镜组件振动抑制方案。对某1.8m口径反射镜组件进行了抑振设计,利用MSC Nastran软件进行了动力学分析,仿真结果显示,抑振后反射镜动力学响应值及振动应力有较大降低,证明抑振设计有效。文章设计的振动抑制解决方案也可为空间遥感器其他部组件的振动抑制设计提供借鉴。     

月球巡视器太阳电池阵电性能仿真模型

建立精准的太阳电池阵电性能仿真模型,可为月球巡视器电源设计方案以及在轨任务规划的验证和优化提供保障。文章依据巡视器设计及月面环境的特殊性,建立了考虑遮挡、月尘等因素的太阳电池阵电性能仿真模型。该模型包括布阵文件编写及导入模块,光强、温度、老化影响计算模块,月尘影响计算模块,以及部分遮挡影响计算模块。对仿真模型进行了仿真分析,并将仿真结果与硬件实测值进行比较,结果表明:两者之间的误差可控制在5%以内,证明了模型的正确性和精准度。     

基于模块服役状态的盒式连接可重构型架稳定性评估方法

盒式连接可重构型架的稳定性对飞机部件的装配质量有着重要影响。为了解决当前稳定性评估方法在实施成本及有效性上的不足,从型架模块化特征出发提出基于模块服役状态的盒式连接可重构型架稳定性评估方法。首先,分析了盒式连接可重构型架服役过程,指出该过程是由作业期与空置期交替组合而成,并给出了服役稳定性及服役稳定度定义;然后,构建了基于型架关键测量特性的服役状态评价模型,实现了盒式连接可重构型架服役状态退化过程的描述及利用实测数据的空置期服役状态评估;同时,针对作业期内难以甚至无法获取测量数据的问题,提出基于多源稳定性影响因素分析并利用稳定性熵来表征服役状态退化程度的策略;最终融合空置期与作业期的评估结果构建了型架稳定性综合评价模型,相比传统的定检方法能够更简捷、有效地完成某一时间段内型架服役稳定性评估。最后,以某型垂尾盒式连接可重构装配型架后梁定位器模块为实验对象,验证了所提出方法的有效性。