运载火箭总体多学科协同优化平台方案研究

为了将多学科设计优化应用于运载火箭总体设计中,提出了基于MDO思想的运载火箭 多学科协同优化设计平台方案。系统论述了平台定位、功能需求、顶层组成框架设计、人员 角色、总体优化设计活动流程等相关内容。平台实现了运载火箭的专业设计工具集成、信息 集成、总体设计流程定制,并支持分布式协同设计和优化设计。〖JP〗     

星载合成孔径雷达的分辨特性

较全面和详细地论述了星载合成孔径雷达（ＳＡＲ）的分辨特性;导出了距离分辨率、方位分辨率和辐射分辨率的定量关系式;阐述了多种辐射分辨率定义的内涵,并对其错误概率进行了比较;介绍了ＳＡＲ图像的分辨体积和可懂度的概念,并且完成了ＳＡＲ图像分辨特性的方形等效。这些论述对于ＳＡＲ图像质量的评估和比较,以及系统参数的折衷设计具有重要意义。     

Identifying the number of aircraft in formation flight using ISAR technique

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空间多分辨率模糊目标跟踪

提出了一种新的模糊目标跟踪算法--CPDA算法。这个算法在空间多分辨率框架下应用概率数据互联算法,在粗分辨率上实现模糊目标跟踪。在不同虚警密度的模糊目标环境下,利用仿真实验分析了CPDA算法的跟踪性能,同时将其与单分辨率上的联合概率数据互联方法进行了性能比较。仿真结果表明,CPDA算法的跟踪性能在达到与单分辨率上JPDA算法同样性能的条件下,能够以较小的计算量跟踪模糊目标。     

高分辨率多通道天线星载SAR的MCCS成像算法

在分析经典条带成像算法在处理高分辨率多通道天线星载SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar)回波信号方面局限性的基础上,提出适用于高分辨率多通道天线星载合成孔径雷达的多通道Chirp Scaling成像算法(MCCS, Multi-channel Chirp Scaling Algorithm).该算法利用补偿滤波器组来实现从高分辨率多通道天线星载SAR回波数据到传统条带SAR回波数据的等效转换,利用Chirp Scaling原理实现精确聚焦,进而从根本上摆脱了分布相位中心(DPC,Displaced Phase Center)等效条件对高分辨率多通道天线星载SAR的约束.最后通过计算机仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性.      

全柔性微位移放大机构的设计技术研究

全柔性机构是一种新型机构,通过采用免装配、无间隙和无摩擦的设计方式可实现微米级甚至纳米级的高精度。其重要的应用之一是可作为精密驱动系统中的运放机构。为此,对此类机构进行了较为系统的研究,包括典型的结构类型、结构设计中的诸多考虑以及新型运放机构的开发等。所有这些都为精密作业领域中驱动系统的构筑提供了丰富的参考素材。     

BDS-3 PPP模糊度固定实现及精度评估

精密单点定位(PPP)模糊度固定(AR)能够显著提升精密定位的收敛速度和精度。通过在BDS-2和BDS-3之间添加系统间偏差的方法实现BDS-3的模糊度固定,并基于全球MGEX测站静态、仿动态数据和车载实验数据全面评估了BDS-3模糊度固定的效果。结果表明,相对于浮点解,BDS-3 PPP模糊度固定能够显著提升PPP的精度,在东北天3个方向上静态解算精度提升依次为37.4%、26.2%和20.1%;仿动态解算精度提升依次为38.3%、27.2%和11.1%;车载动态实验BDS-3模糊度固定精度在三维方向上综合提升为40.4%。此外,模糊度固定后,以浮点解稳定后的两倍定位精度为基准,在东北天方向上,静态定位时间提升程度依次为63.5%、64.0%和40.3%;仿动态定位时间提升程度依次为58.7%、56.8%和25.4%;车载实验在三维方向的收敛时间为30.0 min。以上结果证明了所提方法的有效性及BDS-3模糊度固定的性能提升。     

Fast calibration of between-receiver GPS/Galileo/BDS differential phase bias with millimeter accuracy based on short baseline mode

The differential code and phase biases induced by the receiver hardware (including receiver, antenna, firmware, etc.) of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) have significant effects on precise timing and ionosphere sensing, thus deserve careful treatment. In this contribution, we propose an approach to fast fix the single-difference ambiguity to finally obtain the unbiased estimates of between-receiver differential phase bias (BR-DPB) and between-receiver differential code-phase bias (BR-DCPB) based on the short baseline mode. The key to this method is that the error sources can be significantly eliminated due to the length of the baseline is very short. At the same time, the empirical constraints and random characteristics of BR-DPB/BR-DCPB were considered, which is conducive to the resolution of single-difference ambiguity. Several sets of GNSS data (GPS L1/L2, Galileo E1/E5b, and BDS B1/B3), recorded by the short baselines in an interval of 30 s and covered a broad range of receiver/antenna types (JAVA, SEPT, LEIC, and TRIM), were used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The numerical tests show that the proposed method is capable of fast fixing the single-difference ambiguity successfully within a few epochs and then providing the unbiased estimates of BR-DPB and BR-DCPB in an epoch-by-epoch manner. Experiments show that the estimated BR-DPB is in millimeter accuracy, which is of great significance for the millimeter-accuracy phase time transfer and ionospheric delay estimation. Furthermore, the calibrated BR-DPB/BR-DCPB can be treated as the known products for long-distance precise timing and ionosphere sensing based on the inter-station single-difference model.     

RadioAstron reveals super-compact structures in the bursting H2O maser source G25.65+1.05

Water masers are well-known to be variable on a variety of time scales, but only three Galactic H₂O masers are known to flare to the level of 10⁵–10⁶ Jy (${\text{T}}_{\text{B}}\sim {10}^{17}$ K): Orion KL, W49N, and the recently discovered G25.65+1.05. Recently detected flaring activity of H₂O maser in the massive star-forming region G25.65+1.05 gave us a unique opportunity to study the fine structure of H₂O maser emission in the bursting state with extremely high space VLBI angular resolution. Observation of the source was carried out with ∼9 Earth diameter space-ground baseline within the framework of the RadioAstron project. H₂O maser emission from two spectral features, including the bursting one, was detected in the experiment. Only ∼1% of the bursting H₂O maser emission was detected on the space-ground baselines: it indicates the presence of a very compact spatial structure with a size of ∼25 $\mathrm{\mu }$as, which corresponds to 0.05 AU or ∼5 solar diameters at the distance to the source of 2.08 kpc, and the brightness temperature of ∼3 × 10¹⁶ K. Analysis of the flux density as a function of the baseline length for the bursting H₂O maser feature in the source shows that most of the emission comes from an extended “halo” structure, while the core of emission is very compact and has an extreme brightness temperature. These results are in agreement with the model of interacting maser clouds considered as the likely explanation of the nature of the burst in the source. Under the assumption of such a model, the beam size of maser emission is reduced while the brightness temperatures similar to the highest observed values are produced.     

Evaluation of rapid phase clock/bias products for PPP ambiguity resolution and its application to the M7.1 2019 Ridgecrest,California earthquake

Precise point positioning with ambiguity resolution (PPP-AR) is a useful tool for high-precision geodetic and geophysical applications, while phase bias products are the prerequisite to implement PPP-AR. Wuhan University has been providing the final (the best operationally post-processing solution based) phase clock/bias products with a latency of two weeks since March of 2019, while a dedicated open-source software package PRIDE PPP-AR is released to leverage these products for high-precision positioning. In order to satisfy some both time and precision critical applications, such as rapid earthquake response, Wuhan University also released rapid (with comparable quality but with much shorter delivery latency) phase clock/bias products with a latency of less than 24 h and updated PRIDE PPP-AR in July 2019. We first introduce the phase clock/bias generation and validation schemes and the maintenance of routine products provision. Then, with 14 days (July 2 to July 15 in 2019) of GPS data collected from 146 globally distributed IGS (International GNSS Service) stations, we evaluated the positioning performance of the rapid products with respect to their final counterparts. It is found that positioning precision of PPP-AR using rapid products is comparable to that using final products, especially in kinematic positioning mode. When rapid products are used, the RMS of PPP-AR in static mode with respect to IGS weekly solutions can reach 1.7 mm, 1.8 mm and 5.5 mm in the east, north and up components, respectively. Furthermore, the RMS of epoch-wise positions with respect to daily solutions for the east, north and up components are 0.51 cm, 0.57 cm and 1.51 cm for PPP-AR with rapid products in kinematic mode. It demonstrates that the rapid phase clock/bias products can sufficiently meet the precision requirement of most geodetic and geophysical applications yet with much shorter time delay. Finally, we study the July 6th M7.1 2019 Ridgecrest, California earthquake using the rapid phase clock/bias products and demonstrate their comparable performance against the final products.