三角形电极离子阱单向出射及高阶场影响的理论模拟研究

为了扩展离子阱质谱仪在航天领域中的应用范围，本文利用模拟研究方式来提高三角形电极线性离子阱（Triangular-electric linear ion trap，TeLIT）的离子检测效率。本文利用模拟软件SIMION和AXSIM进行理论模拟，采用施加不对称射频电压的方式，研究TeLIT离子单向出射，并通过改变电极角度α来探究高阶电场成分对离子单向出射性能的影响。实验结果表明：当α取目前报道的最优参数140°时，在射频电压差Δ=20%处，获得的离子单向出射率可达89.5%。而当α=135°时，获得的最高离子单向出射效率接近95%，优于TeLIT最优参数α=140°时的出射率。此外，本文还讨论了不同α情况下，获得最高出射效率时，模拟质谱峰的质量分辨率，结果表明扫描速率约为1 500 Th/s时，α=135°时获得的质量分辨率可达2 500。     

一种综合孔径微波辐射计成像处理算法

综合孔径成像是基于干涉仪成像原理实现的一种成像方式，其通过对干涉测量结果进行逆傅里叶变换得到场景的亮温分布，利用小波增强去噪算法在时域和频域同时对图像进行处理，增强需求信息抑制非必要信息，并附加特定的窗函数滤除杂波，提高重建的微波辐射计图像的清晰度和平滑感。采用盲解卷的Lorentzian超分辨率算法提高成像的分辨力，较好的解决了天线口面尺寸与分辨力矛盾的问题。     

Multiple Coulomb scattering method to reconstruct low-energy gamma–ray direction in the GAMMA-400 space-based gamma–ray telescope

The GAMMA-400 currently developing space-based gamma-ray telescope is designed to measure the gamma-ray fluxes in the energy range from ～20?MeV to several TeV in the highly elliptic orbit (without shadowing the telescope by the Earth) continuously for a long time. The physical characteristics of the GAMMA-400 gamma-ray telescope, especially the angular and energy resolutions (at 100-GeV gamma rays they are ～0.01° and ～1%, respectively), allow us to consider this space-based experiment as the next step in the development of extraterrestrial high-energy gamma-ray astronomy. In this paper, a method to improve the reconstruction accuracy of incident angle for low-energy gamma rays in the GAMMA-400 space-based gamma-ray telescope is presented. The special analysis of topology of pair-conversion events in thin layers of converter was performed. Applying the energy dependence of multiple Coulomb scattering for pair components, it is possible to estimate the energies for each particle, and to use these energies as weight in the angle reconstruction procedure. To identify the unique track in each projection the imaginary curvature method is applied. It allows us to obtain significantly better angular resolution in comparison with other methods applied in current space-based experiments. When using this method for 50-MeV gamma rays the GAMMA-400 gamma-ray telescope angular resolution is about 4°.     

Inertial aided BDS triple-frequency integer ambiguity rounding method

The integer ambiguity resolution (AR) of carrier phase is significant for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) precise positioning. However, in kinematic case, single-epoch AR methods based on alone GNSS are usually not reliable due to the instable pseudorange accuracy. Moreover, the computation of classical AR method Least Squares Ambiguity Decorrelation Adjustment (LAMBDA) is large. Thus, the inertial measurement unit (IMU) is introduced, a new inertial-aided AR method that directly rounds the float ambiguity of BeiDou triple-frequency combined observations, which is characterized by long wavelength, low carrier-phase noise and ionospheric delay, is proposed. The mathematical model of the new method is derived first. Then the impacts of the carrier-phase noise, ionospheric delay and inertial navigation system (INS) position error on the AR success ratio of combined observation are analyzed through probabilistic approach. Based on above investigation, the combinations (0, ?1, 1), (1, 4, ?5) and (4, ?2, ?3) are selected to resolve the original ambiguity. A vehicular integrated navigation test is performed to demonstrate the proposed method. The results show that the average AR success ratios of the three selected combinations, whose float ambiguity errors are 0.041, 0.146, 0.279 cycle respectively, are above 97.25% without regard to low-elevation C05. With respect to positioning accuracy based on our AR method when compared with IE software, the east, north, up error RMS of position are 0.042, 0.024, 0.069 m, respectively. In terms of the AR recover after the BeiDou signals outage, as long as 62 s BeiDou signal complete outage, all the ambiguities of all satellites could be re-fixed immediately. Besides, during the 90 s signals partial outage, the AR is not influenced by the position error, since the float ambiguity errors are all below half-cycle. The research of this contribution demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed new method, which indicates it is applicable to kinematic positioning, even in BDS degraded and denied environments.     

空间目标一维距离像畸变补偿的混合算法

高分辨距离像的畸变补偿是空间目标ISAR成像过程中的重要环节。由于空间目标基带回波的模糊函数峰值落在包含原点的平行直线族上,根据平行直线族的约束边界建立了一个多目标规划模型,并利用正则化原理提出了一种目标速度估计的直接算法,具有解析解。将其作为迭代初值,进一步利用一维迭代搜索算法搜索距离像波形熵的最小值,获得了更精确的速度估计量。仿真结果表明,文章提出的混合搜索算法综合了解析算法和迭代搜索算法在计算量和准确性方面的优点,能有效估计空间目标径向速度并补偿一维距离像畸变。     

基于粒子群算法的飞行冲突解脱问题

自由飞行可有效解决航线日益加剧的拥挤问题,但同时也增加了管制员管制监控的难度,从而使飞行冲突探测和解脱成为自由飞行的关键问题。粒子群算法（particleswaITn0ptimization）是一种群智能优化算法,尝试将其应用于飞行冲突解脱问题,构造了适合飞行冲突解脱问题的粒子表达方式,建立了冲突解脱问题的粒子群算法,成功解决了飞行冲突,并将其运行结果与遗传算法结果作了对比试验。实验结果表明。粒子群算法是求解飞行冲突解脱问题的一个较好方案。     

三种虚拟阵元内插超分辨测向算法的性能对比

对比研究了基于虚拟阵元内插的三种超分辨测向算法.在对多个小孔径雷达阵列的观测数据进行相干处理的基础上,分别应用非线性最小二乘迭代(NLS,Nonlinear Least Squares)、基于最小熵的反卷积迭代(IDMEC,Iterative Deconvolution algorithm based on Minimum Entropy Criterion)和最小加权范数(MWN,Minimum Weighted Norm)等算法构造雷达阵列间的各个虚拟阵元,合成大的孔径阵列以提高测向分辨率.通过仿真,验证了三种虚拟阵元内插算法的有效性,分析和比较了它们的超分辨性能和运算量.结果表明MWN法不仅具有最小的虚拟阵元构造误差和运算量,且有最好的测向性能.因此,总体上MWN法优于NLS法和IDMEC法.      

新的GPS单频单历元定姿算法

LAMBDA算法依赖于初始的模糊度浮点解,但仅用载波相位观测方程需要多个历元才能获得浮点解,将导致初始化时间过长.针对这一问题,对GPS(Global Positioning System)单历元的载波相位单差方程进行特殊变换,将未知的整周模糊度看成噪声,从而构造出新的观测方程,和原始的观测方程进行组合求解,克服了仅用载波相位双差观测方程因为亏秩而无法在单历元获得浮点解的缺点,解决了初始化时间的问题.通过深入研究浮点解和固定解之间的关系,提出一种将低精度浮点解映射到固定解的方法,降低了LAMBDA算法对高精度浮点解的依赖性,避免了用多个历元获取浮点解的高精度,从而实现了单频、单历元的整周模糊度估计.通过实际测试,该算法成功率高于97%,能够有效地用于实时动态姿态解算.      

低仰角射线对电离层CT成像的影响分析

电离层层析成像(Computerized Tomography, CT)是一个有限视角问题, 水平射线的缺失造成CT结果垂直分辨率的严重下降. 很多人直观地认为低仰角射线可以弥补水平射线的缺失, 然而本文的理论分析和数值模拟研究结果表明, 低仰角射线对CT结果的影响十分微小, 其无法弥补水平射线缺失所带来的垂直分辨率的下降. 模拟结果显示, 增加低仰角射线前后CT反演结果几乎没有变化; 而去掉680条低仰角射线和高仰角射线后, CT反演结果差别巨大; 去掉680条低仰角射线的CT结果与模型吻合很好; 去掉680条高仰角射线的CT反演结果失真严重, 几乎无法恢复模型的扰动特征.