Conceptualizing an economically,legally, and politically viable active debris removal option

It has become increasingly clear in recent years that the issue of space debris, particularly in low-Earth orbit, can no longer be ignored or simply mitigated. Orbital debris currently threatens safe space flight for both satellites and humans aboard the International Space Station. Additionally, orbital debris might impact Earth upon re-entry, endangering human lives and damaging the environment with toxic materials. In summary, orbital debris seriously jeopardizes the future not only of human presence in space, but also of human safety on Earth. While international efforts to mitigate the current situation and limit the creation of new debris are useful, recent studies predicting debris evolution have indicated that these will not be enough to ensure humanity?s access to and use of the near-Earth environment in the long-term. Rather, active debris removal (ADR) must be pursued if we are to continue benefiting from and conducting space activities. While the concept of ADR is not new, it has not yet been implemented. This is not just because of the technical feasibility of such a scheme, but also because of the host of economic, legal/regulatory, and political issues associated with debris remediation. The costs of ADR are not insignificant and, in today?s restrictive fiscal climate, are unlikely/to be covered by any single actor. Similarly, ADR concepts bring up many unresolved questions about liability, the protection of proprietary information, safety, and standards. In addition, because of the dual use nature of ADR technologies, any venture will necessarily require political considerations. Despite the many unanswered questions surrounding ADR, it is an endeavor worth pursuing if we are to continue relying on space activities for a variety of critical daily needs and services. Moreover, we cannot ignore the environmental implications that an unsustainable use of space will imply for life on Earth in the long run. This paper aims to explore some of these challenges and propose an economically, politically, and legally viable ADR option. Much like waste management on Earth, cleaning up space junk will likely lie somewhere between a public good and a private sector service. An international, cooperative, public-private partnership concept can address many of these issues and be economically sustainable, while also driving the creation of a proper set of regulations, standards and best practices.     

IMPROVEMENTS IN HIDDEN LINE REMOVAL ALGORITHM FOR BI-PARAMETRIC SURFACES

近些年来，随着计算机图形学，计算几何和计算机辅助设计与制造技术的发展，双参数曲面的消隐算法变得越来越重要。而现有的一些消隐算法，它们在计算量，存贮量和精度上都不太令人满意。本文引入面积坐标进行包含性检验，提出移动包围盒技术，给出了一种通用性强，贮存量小，准确性高，简单快速且易于在微机上实现的消隐算法。本文还给出了由Ｄｘｙ－８８０绘图仪绘制的多个实例效果。     

基于粒子图像法的气枪喷嘴除尘效率研究

气枪喷嘴广泛地应用于工业除水除尘中 ,但如何直接量化衡量和评价气枪喷嘴的除尘效果或效率 ,是一个非常困难且有意义的问题。本文作者提出了通过图像处理的方式 ,利用除尘前后粒子的浓度同所反射的光强的相应关系来测算气枪喷嘴的除尘效率的方法。此法能有效地对全场表面的除尘效率分布进行较为精确的测算 ,且操作简便、可重复性强。利用该方法对影响气枪喷嘴除尘效率的多个因素 ;如一次侧压力、喷嘴到平板的距离和射流攻角进行了研究 ,得到了一些有益的结论。这些结论对于了解喷嘴的除尘工作原理及对其进一步改良和优化具有很重要的意义。     

地基激光清除椭圆轨道空间碎片特性的计算分析

空间碎片对人类航天活动的危害很大,用高能激光减缓其危害性已受到广泛关注.针对地基激光清除椭圆轨道空间碎片问题,提出了单脉冲变轨和多脉冲变轨两种计算分析方法.仿真计算结果表明,碎片初始真近角在100°～150°附近降轨效果最佳;从激光器在地球表面可供布站的区域讲,在碎片真近角180°附近,布站区域最大;当推进激光总作用时间较短或作用距离较小时,单脉冲变轨计算模型和多脉冲变轨计算模型计算结果接近,因此可采用单脉冲变轨计算模型计算结果近似表示多脉冲作用效果.     

飞机腐蚀与防护

飞机腐蚀是每个航空公司都必须面对的问题。随着飞机服役时间的增加,有效地检查出飞机结构上存在的各种腐蚀,并进行去除,更是成为延长飞机使用寿命的关键。本文详细分析了飞机腐蚀的种类,根据腐蚀的特点及表现形式,介绍了相应的检查方法及去除方法。最后有针对性地提出了各种防护措施。     

水基凝胶注模坯体的排胶工艺研究

研究了排胶工艺的影响因素,以及水基凝胶注模坯体排胶后的微观组织及气孔分布情况。结果表明,升温速率、保温时间、坯体厚度及表面积均对排胶过程有很大影响。结合DTA-TG曲线,分析排胶过程中物理化学变化,并比较几种成型法坯体的排胶工艺。     

卧矩台精密平面磨削纳米结构WC/12Co涂层材料去除机理

纳米结构陶瓷涂层具有优异的性能,但在工业应用中不但其涂层制备技术而且其精密磨削技术对涂层的使用性能均具有重要影响,因此对其磨削时的材料去除机理的研究成为必要。本文就磨削参数对纳米结构W C/12Co(n-W C/12Co)涂层卧矩台精密平面磨削的磨削力分力比、比磨削能和磨削表面粗糙度的影响规律进行了试验研究,结合n-W C/12Co涂层精密平面磨削后的表面/亚表面形貌的SEM观察分析,揭示了n-W C/12Co涂层精密磨削的材料去除机理。研究结果表明,n-W C/12Co磨削的材料去除机理主要是非弹性变形方式,材料脆性去除方式较少。     

微波接力设备训练模拟器

介绍了一种采用插板式结构,将故障定位到电路板一级的新型电子装备训练模拟系统,以及系统研制中采用的一些新颖的技术手段,从理论教学开始,继而进行维护方法训练和故障排除训练,实现了使用和维护训练一体化。     

振动辅助抛光的原理分析与实验研究

首先从理论上分析了振动辅助抛光的加工过程,通过建立单颗磨粒冲击工件的数学模型,分析了振动参数变化引起硬脆材料的塑-脆去除方式转变机制。采用LY-DYNA软件对球形和锥形磨粒冲击工件的仿真分析结果表明：随着振动参数的增强,磨粒切入深度增加,达到临界切削深度后产生裂纹脆性去除,从而能够实现工件材料的额外去除。在实验平台上开展的径向振动抛光实验结果表明：引入振动后抛光去除效率显著提升,证明了理论分析的正确性。     

喷气战斗机发动机安装车设计和发展研究

发动机安装车是用于发动机拆装作业的重要保障设备,美国的先进安装车设计具有很好的研究和借鉴价值.本文全面介绍和分析了美国各型现代战斗机发动机安装车的设计,包括布局和结构形式、细节设计、标准化和通用化设计等,以Air Log 4000安装车为标杆,与其他安装车进行比较,揭示了安装车设计解决方案的差异性和多样性,以及技术发展演进特点和发展方向,并提出了借鉴国外先进设计,研制有自身特色的先进安装车产品的建议.