航空发动机故障诊断装置硬件在环实时仿真平台

硬件在环仿真是将算法由理论转为实际应用的重要步骤,而针对航空发动机故障诊断算法的硬件在回路仿真平台的研制目前还处于初级阶段。基于已有的民用大涵道比涡扇发动机非线性模型,利用基于x PC的自动代码生成技术,搭建了基于工控机与DSP的故障诊断装置硬件在回路实时仿真系统,并对平台的性能参数、使用流程进行了说明。提出了1种故障诊断算法并进行了硬件在回路验证。针对搭建的平台,提出1种故障诊断算法的评价标准。     

大气环境监测卫星在生态环境行业应用分析

大气环境监测卫星是首颗生态环境领域大气环境监测专用卫星。卫星搭载了5台有效载荷，可实现CO2主动激光探测和大气细颗粒物的主被动结合探测，以及对气态污染物、云和气溶胶、水环境、自然生态等要素大范围、全天时综合监测，为生态环境遥感监管提供重要的数据支撑。本文从卫星载荷特点及数据获取能力出发，分析了其在生态环境行业的应用能力，并从大气环境、水环境和生态环境监测3个方面，结合在轨测试情况对卫星的应用能力进行详细阐述，可为开展大气环境监测卫星遥感应用提供参考。     

SHAKING: Adjusted spherical harmonics adding KrigING method for near real-time ionospheric modeling with multi-GNSS observations

Precise positioning based on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technique requires high accuracy ionospheric total electron content (TEC) correction models to account for the ionospheric path delay errors. We present an adjusted Spherical Harmonics Adding KrigING method (SHAKING) approach for regional ionospheric vertical TEC (VTEC) modeling in real time. In the proposed SHAKING method, the VTEC information over the sparse observation data area is extrapolated by the Adjusted Spherical Harmonic (ASH) function, and the boundary distortion in regional VTEC modeling is corrected by the stochastic VTEC estimated using Kriging interpolation. Using real-time GPS, GLONASS and BDS-2/3 data streams of the Crust Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC), the SHAKING-based regional ionospheric VTEC maps are re-constructed over China and its boundary regions. Compared to GNSS VTECs derived from the independent stations, the quality of SHAKING solution improves by 13–31% and 6–33% with respect to the ASH-only solution during high and low geomagnetic periods, respectively. Compared to the inverse distance weighting (IDW) generated result, significant quality improved of SHAKING-based VTEC maps is also observed, especially over the edge areas with an improvement of 60–80%. Overall, the proposed SHAKING method exhibits notable advantage over the existing regional VTEC modeling techniques, which can be used for regional TEC modeling and associated high-precision positioning applications.     

Improving accuracy of damage quantification based on two-level consistency control of PZT layers

Structural health monitoring-based quantitative damage diagnosis technique plays a key role in real-time condition monitoring. Among the current research, piezoelectric (PZT) sensor and Guided Wave (GW) based damage quantification methods are promising, which normally establish a calibration model between GW feature and damage degree by experiments on batch specimens, and then conduct the calibration model on the monitored specimen. However, the accuracy of PZT and GW based damage quantification is affected by dispersion introduced by sensor network performance, structural material, and damage propagation among the adopted batch specimens. For improving the accuracy of damage quantification, this paper adopts PZT layer as sensor network and creatively implements theoretical and experimental research on batch PZT layers consistency control. On one hand, a two-level consistency control method based on multidimensional features-Euclidean distance is proposed to ensure the performance consistency of PZT layers placed on different specimens. On the other hand, experimental research on typical aircraft lug structures is also carried out to evaluate the requirement on performance consistency of PZT layers when performing quantitative damage diagnosis, and further verify the proposed two-level consistency control method. Experimental results show that the accuracy of damage quantification raises by 38% when the dispersion of different PZT layers is controlled within 5%.     

锯切圆柱形42CrMoA的声发射监测试验

针对锯切加工中的带锯条磨损状态未知、锯切质量下降等问题，本文研究了新试制的FTCUT双金属带锯条锯切圆柱形42CrMoA合金结构钢过程中锯切行为的变化，探讨了声发射信号与单刀锯切过程、锯齿磨损和锯切表面质量变化的关联。研究表明：锯切圆柱材料时随着锯切深度的变化，参与齿数先增大后减小，带锯条约束条件不断变化，进而影响着声发射信号幅值和锯切表面质量；基于时域分析可知锯齿磨损过程分为磨合磨损、快速磨损、稳定磨损三个阶段；基于FFT频域分析发现当频谱图出现多个主频，且第一主频幅值下降时，表明声发射信号来源比较分散，即可认定带锯条失效；基于小波包频域分析发现第7频段信号占比最高，最能反映工件表面质量的变化，其波动情况与锯切表面的微纹和波纹情况可建立一定的联系。因此，可基于声发射信号时域和频域分析判断锯齿磨损和锯切表面恶化情况，为锯齿磨损和锯切表面质量的在线监测提供一定的思路。     

基于光纤光栅的风机叶片应变与振动监测技术

为满足某型塔架式风电机组叶片的监测需求，提出了一种基于光纤布拉格光栅（Fiber Bragg grating,FBG）传感网络的结构监测方法。建立叶片三维模型并进行有限元仿真，获得其工作状态下的应变分布。设计FBG封装及布局方案，实时监测各传感点应变数值及变化规律。通过快速傅里叶变换分析其振动特性，探究温度、风速等环境因素对该监测系统可靠性的影响。结果表明，基于FBG的应变-振动测试方法能有效监测叶片对风压的载荷响应及振动频率，误差范围在0.04 Hz以内，满足实际工程需求。     

航天复合材料智能健康监测技术研究进展北大核心CSCD

航天复合材料智能健康监测技术水平是衡量航天型号可靠性与先进性的重要标志之一,是支撑航天装备向多次重复使用、长期可靠运行发展的关键技术之一。本文总结了近年来复合材料智能健康监测在传感器制作技术、传感器与复合材料集成技术、复合材料状态监测技术、复合材料损伤及失效表征技术、人工神经网络数据处理和分析技术主要研究进展及发展现状,提出了航天复合材料智能健康监测技术存在的问题以及后续未来发展的重要方向。     

磨削加工中声发射监测技术研究进展

从磨削加工声发射监测原理、特征提取与选择、监测模型和监测系统开发4个方面系统地阐述了磨削加工声发射监测技术的研究现状。首先针对磨削中声发射信号源及特性进行综述，重点阐述不同磨削状态下声发射监测的原理；随后对比了磨削加工声发射监测中常见的特征提取与选择方法和监测模型，比较各方法的优缺点，概括了现有监测系统的开发情况；最后对以上几方面研究的发展趋势进行了展望。     

CFRP切削过程中的监测控制研究进展

CFRP加工过程的实时监测和控制是提升零件最终加工质量的重要手段。本文从加工过程物理仿真、数学模型及智能模型三方面总结了CFRP切削加工预测方法研究现状。同时,基于切削过程状态信息获取、特征信息提取以及监测模型构建等方面概述了刀具磨损和加工质量在线监测方法研究进展。在此基础上,探讨了关于在CFRP切削过程中切削力和振动的在线智能控制方法。最后针对以上几方面未来的研究趋势进行了分析和展望。     

大气环境监测卫星紫外高光谱大气成分探测仪技术发展及应用

大气环境监测卫星是我国民用空间基础设施中长期发展规划中的科研卫星。本文介绍了搭载于该卫星的新一代紫外高光谱大气成分探测仪，通过发展紫外高光谱大幅宽高分辨超光谱成像技术，使紫外谱段高光谱大气观测空间分辨率提升一倍，大幅提升气态污染物监测能力，取得良好的应用效果。