两种通用直升机雷达散射特性计算与分析

建立了两种通用直升机几何外形模型,采用物理光学法和等效电磁流法进行雷达散射特性计算分析.结果表明,两种通用直升机雷达散射水平较高,头向/尾向及侧向RCS分别达到数十和数百平方米;大曲率半径曲面机身比倾斜平面式机身散射强;可收放式起落架可以改善雷达隐身性能.本文结果对开展通用直升机雷达隐身设计研究具有重要的参考价值.     

Modified energy cascade model adapted for a multicrop Lunar greenhouse prototype

Models are required to accurately predict mass and energy balances in a bioregenerative life support system. A modified energy cascade model was used to predict outputs of a multi-crop (tomatoes, potatoes, lettuce and strawberries) Lunar greenhouse prototype. The model performance was evaluated against measured data obtained from several system closure experiments. The model predictions corresponded well to those obtained from experimental measurements for the overall system closure test period (five months), especially for biomass produced (0.7% underestimated), water consumption (0.3% overestimated) and condensate production (0.5% overestimated). However, the model was less accurate when the results were compared with data obtained from a shorter experimental time period, with 31%, 48% and 51% error for biomass uptake, water consumption, and condensate production, respectively, which were obtained under more complex crop production patterns (e.g. tall tomato plants covering part of the lettuce production zones). These results, together with a model sensitivity analysis highlighted the necessity of periodic characterization of the environmental parameters (e.g. light levels, air leakage) in the Lunar greenhouse.     

The South Pole-Aitken basin region,Moon: GIS-based geologic investigation using Kaguya elemental information

Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), we performed comparative analysis among stratigraphic information and the Kaguya (SELENE) GRS data of the ∼2500-km-diameter South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin and its surroundings. Results indicate that the surface rock materials (including ancient crater materials, mare basalts, and possible SPA impact melt) are average to slightly elevated in K and Th with respect to the rest of the Moon. Also, this study demonstrates that K and Th have not significantly changed since the formation of SPA. The elemental signatures of the impact basin of Fe, Ti, Si, O through time include evidence for resurfacing by ejecta materials and late-stage volcanism. The oldest surfaces of SPA are found to be oxygen-depleted during the heavy bombardment period relative to later stages of geologic development, followed by both an increase in silicon and oxygen, possibly due to ejecta sourced from outside of SPA, and subsequent modification due to mare basaltic volcanism, which increased iron and titanium within SPA. The influence of the distinct geologic history of SPA and surroundings on the mineralogic and elemental abundances is evident as shown in our investigation.     

Soybean cultivar selection for Bioregenerative Life Support Systems (BLSSs) – Hydroponic cultivation

Four soybean cultivars (‘Atlantic’, ‘Cresir’, ‘Pr91m10’ and ‘Regir’), selected through a theoretical procedure as suitable for cultivation in BLSS, were evaluated in terms of growth and production. Germination percentage and Mean Germination Time (MGT) were measured. Plants were cultivated in a growth chamber equipped with a recirculating hydroponic system (Nutrient Film Technique). Cultivation was performed under controlled environmental conditions (12 h photoperiod, light intensity 350 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹, temperature regime 26/20 °C light/dark, relative humidity 65–75%). Fertigation was performed with a standard Hoagland solution, modified for soybean specific requirements, and EC and pH were kept at 2.0 dS m⁻¹ and 5.5 respectively.     

单反射面紧缩场接收机灵敏度要求评估方法

根据洛伦兹互易定理,提出了一种对单反射面紧缩场接收机灵敏度要求进行评估的方法.分别计算紧缩场馈源发射的电磁波以及标准定标球散射的电磁波在位于反射面和静区中间的参考平面上的近场分布,并考虑反射面效率和馈源发射功率,即可得到在测量过程中,对接收机灵敏度的要求.该方法能够全面反应目标雷达散射截面、工作频率、馈源性能和位置、反射面形状尺寸及其边齿结构和边缘绕射、紧缩场静区中心位置等因素的影响.利用该方法对北京航空航天大学微波暗室紧缩场的接收机灵敏度要求进行评估,并与实验测试结果对比,进而验证该方法的正确性.     

微型定容多次燃油喷射系统高速响应特性仿真

针对小排量发动机转速范围大、工作循环喷油量小的特点,提出了一种微型定容多次燃油喷射系统结构,建立了系统电、磁、液、机耦合模型,仿真计算了从输入电压到喷射输出的动态响应特性,分析了影响系统高速特性的关键因素.结果表明:该喷射系统响应频率可达到1000Hz,响应时间可以满足小排量发动机最高转速要求,具备工程可实现性.      

气膜约束对轴系固有频率影响的试验

对10kg转子进行自由状态和有气膜约束两种状态下的试验模态分析,试验结果给出了转子平动、锥动和一阶弯曲时的固有频率及其振型等模态参数,分析了轴承供气压力变化对轴系固有频率的影响.进行了轴系升降速试验,结果表明:气膜约束下的模态分析结果比自由状态下的更接近于升降速试验的结果.试验结果为气体轴系固有频率的确定以及控制参数的选取提供了依据,也为下一步轴系振动控制奠定了基础.      

低速单级轴流压气机自引气扩稳实验

在一台低速单级轴流压气机上采用自引气-喷气方式进行了实验研究,实验中分析比较了不同的引气方式对压气机失速裕度改善(SMI)以及对压气机效率的影响,同时对不同自引气方式的扩稳机理进行了探讨.实验结果表明:自引气方式能够有效的改善压气机失速裕度,并且能够略微提高压气机效率.与传统的外部引气相比,节省了外部引气所需要的外部空气压缩系统;为自引气在实际压气机稳定性控制中的应用提供参考.      

辅助动力装置环形回流燃烧室数值研究

利用Fluent软件计算辅助动力装置(auxiliary power unit,简称APU)环形回流燃烧室三维两相喷雾燃烧流场,研究不同进口温度和油气比对两相喷雾燃烧流场的影响,采用标准 k-ε 模型模拟湍流黏性,离散相模型(DPM)追踪油珠运动轨迹,燃烧模型采用非预混平衡化学反应模型.计算结果表明:随着进口温度和油气比的增加,燃烧室出口温度相应增加,但温度分布规律基本保持不变;计算结果与试验测量结果比较吻合,说明采用的数学模型和计算方法可用于预估实际APU回流燃烧室三维两相喷雾燃烧流场.      

四参数疲劳定寿方法

对直升机传动系统采用的一种疲劳定寿方法——四参数法进行了研究:首先介绍了四参数应力-循环(S-N)曲线,然后详细介绍了通过材料平均 S-N 曲线获取构件安全 S-N 曲线的步骤以及直升机传动系统四参数疲劳定寿的程序和方法,研究了定寿流程中的各个技术细节.同时介绍了传动系统机匣疲劳试验中的多路协调加载技术以及某传动系统尾减机匣(TGB)的全尺寸疲劳试验情况.最后采用四参数疲劳定寿方法,根据某传动系统尾减机匣全尺寸疲劳试验结果和飞行实测载荷谱,对尾减机匣进行了安全寿命评估.该实例分析表明:四参数疲劳定寿方法为一种有效、可靠的寿命评估方法,具有推广价值.