Space,Language and Ontology: A Response to Davis

Abstract

Ernest Davis' article “Qualititative Spatial Reasoning in Interpreting Text and Narrative” discusses challenges that the interpretation of natural language appears to raise for the formalization of commonsense spatial reasoning. Davis finds these to be of “surprising logical complexity,” but also “erratic” in that they do not show a logical structuring of the problem space that could guide productive research. In this response I argue that much of the apparent lack of structure Davis laments is due to the very style of formal modeling he pursues. By augmenting logical considerations with substantial input from other disciplines and by adopting a heterogeneous and modular approach to formalization, I suggest that the problem space is by no means as ill-structured as Davis presents it.     

Qualitative Spatial Reasoning for Topological Map Learning

Abstract

In this paper we investigate the application of qualitative spatial reasoning methods for learning the topological map of an unknown environment. We develop a topological mapping framework that achieves robustness against ambiguity in the available information by tracking all possible graph hypotheses simultaneously. We then exploit spatial reasoning to reduce the space of possible hypotheses. The considered constraints are qualitative direction information and the assumption that the map is planar. We investigate the effects of absolute and relative direction information using two different spatial calculi and combine the approach with a real mapping system based on Voronoi graphs.     

试论可靠性维修性指标的阶段性

介绍了国内外军、民机研制、生产、使用的不同阶段可靠性维修性(R&M)指标的实际增长情况及有关统计数据。又介绍了国外标准、规范、文件中有关寿命期不同阶段给出R&M指标(目标值、门限值)的规定。 在此基础上指出:产品性能在设计定型(或研制阶段)结束时能予充分显示,并可基本固化。但R&M仅能达到某一规定水平,还必须继续进行有计划的R&M增长以实现成熟期的最终目标。这是一种客观规律。对这种规律的认识将在规划、管理、技术等一系列决策中体现产品R&M分段控制、分段增长的思想。并将有力地促进产品寿命期最佳效能-费用目标的实现。     

On Embedding a Qualitative Representation in a Two-Dimensional Plane

Abstract

This paper discusses embedding in a two-dimensional plane a symbolic representation for spatial data using the simple objects, points (P), lines (L), circuits (C), and areas (A). We have proposed PLCA as a new framework for a qualitative spatial reasoning. In a PLCA expression, the entire figure is represented in a form in which all the objects are related. We investigate the conditions for two-dimensional realizability of a PLCA expression, and derive the relation that the numbers of objects in a PLCA expression should have. In this process, we use the well-known Euler's formula. We also give an algorithm for drawing the figure of the PLCA expression that satisfies this condition in a two-dimensional plane and prove its correctness. The algorithm generates a quantitative expression from qualitative expression.     

基于 C-AHP的舰炮装备保障性指标体系

在指标体系构建过程中,应用一种云模型（CloudModel）与层次分析法（AHP）相结合的云层次分析法（C—AHP）,构建舰炮装备保障性指标体系的层次结构,针对指标体系中定性定量指标的特性,依据指标的相对重要性筛选各层次指标。实例证明,该方法可有效解决舰炮装备保障性指标体系构建中指标分类不明确,以及由于各类定性定量指标繁杂导致的指标筛选困难等问题。     

A Qualitative Calculus for Three-Dimensional Rotations

We have developed a qualitative calculus for three-dimensional directions and rotations. A direction is characterized in terms of the signs of its components relative to an absolute coordinate system. A rotation is characterized in terms of the signs of the components of the associated 3 × 3 rotation matrix.

A system has been implemented that can solve the following problems: 1. Given the signs of direction and rotation matrix P, find the possible signs of the image of under P. Moreover, for each possible sign vector of · P, generate numerical instantiations of and P that yields that result.

2. Given the signs of rotation matrices P and Q, find the possible signs of the composition P · Q. Moreover, for each possible sign matrix for the composition, generate numerical instantiations of P and Q that yield that result.

We have also proved some related complexity and expressivity results. The satisfiability problem for a qualitative rotation constraint network is NP-complete in two dimensions and NP-hard in three dimensions. In three dimensions, any two directions are distinguishable by a qualitative rotation constraint network.     

基于弱相关界限理论的大型振动试验设备台体系统可靠性分析

航天器振动试验台部分元件在长时间使用的情况下易老化,甚至失效。采用FMEA方法对试验台整体定性分析,得出最薄弱环节;针对试验台中水平滑台的可靠性串联模型,分析并确定了其符合弱相关界限理论。使用传统可靠性公式和弱相关界限理论对串联模型的可靠性进行了计算,通过对比证实,弱相关界限理论比传统可靠性公式更符合实际情况,对水平滑台可靠度的评定更有效。该方法对机械系统可靠度计算具有理论和实际指导意义。     

ICP配准算法的影响因素及评价指标分析

基于3D激光雷达传感器的同时定位与地图构建(SLAM)技术,是机器人自主定位解决方案的核心。三维点云配准环节是3D激光雷达SLAM实现自身定位与地图构建的关键所在。重点围绕ICP算法在三维激光点云配准中的应用开展研究,首先对ICP算法的配准原理及其求解过程进行详细分析,其次介绍了ICP的影响因素并提出了相应的评价指标,最后测试了ICP算法在不同角度和位移下的配准效果并进行了实验分析。     

民机电气线路互联系统(EWIS)维修性设计研究

依照将EWIS 作为飞机独立功能系统的研制理念,从型号工程实践中出发,分析明确了飞机运营中EWIS 的计划和非计划维修工作任务,并在此基础上创新性地提出了针对EWIS 维修性设计的定性要求、结合EWIS组件的设计特点提出了以EDZ 为对象进行维修性设计要求分解的方法,以及型号研制中开展EWIS 的维修性分析与评估验证的方法。     

预警飞机任务效能数学模型研究

研究建立实战条件下武器系统可靠性维修性保障性因素综合评价模型,对武器系统可靠性维修性保障性参数指标论证过程中简化分析和减少对仿真技术的使用具有实用意义。通过研究和分析实战条件下的预警飞机使用状况,利用概率方法建立了其作战条件下的任务效能数学模型,为利用解析法进行预警飞机可靠性维修性保障性指标论证提供了可行手段和重要模型,为定量评价可靠性维修性保障性因素对预警飞机作战影响奠定了基础。