An experiment to study solar flare effects on radio-communication signals

The occurrence of radio signal fading events caused by ionospheric absorption plays an important role in the performance of radio-communication systems. It is necessary to know the magnitude and time-scale of such events in order to specify technical parameters of the communication system to be used. Generally, fading events are associated with solar flares, which are characterized by sudden increase in the solar X-ray flux that causes an increase in the ionization in the lower ionosphere. The abrupt increase of ionization causes the absorption of radio waves propagating in the Earth–ionosphere wave-guide and is reported as radio signal fading events. A simple experiment to monitor the behavior of lower ionosphere has been carried out at the Southern Space Observatory-SSO/INPE (29.43°S, 53.8°W), located in southern Brazil. The experiment is basically a computer controlled radio receiver that records the received signal strength of Amplitude Modulated (AM) radio signals in the HF (High Frequencies) range. We analyzed data of the 6 MHz beacon signal that has been transmitted by a broadcasting radio station located about 400 km from the observation site. In this work we present initial results of daily variation of the received signal strength and fading events associated with solar flares observed in the 6 MHz signal monitored by the experiment during 2001. X-ray solar flux data from the GOES-8 satellite were used to identify X-ray solar bursts associated with solar flares. Based on the one-year data collected by the experiment, a statistical summary of fading occurrences and their correlation with solar flares, as well as the distributions of time-scales and magnitudes of such events are presented.     

高亚声速喷流近场的流-声关联

针对马赫数为0.9的圆口喷流,采用大涡模拟计算流场与声场,在与直接数值模拟(DNS)和实验数据比对验证的基础上,分析了中心线和剪切层湍流脉动信号与声信号的相关性,并进一步对中心线上温度信号进行相关性研究。结果表明:相关系数在中心线上势流核末端附近出现峰值,说明该处的湍流脉动信号对声压信号有重要贡献,而这一区域的流动的间歇性与对流速度均较高。同时,声压与中心线上的温度脉动和温度梯度径向分量的脉动也有较高相关性,但与温度梯度轴向分量的脉动相关性较低,表明在模拟的温度比下轴向温度梯度对近场声压贡献较小。     

Estimation of foF2 variations using round-the-world sounding data

An estimation of the F2 ionospheric region critical frequency (foF2) variations using analysis of round-the-world radio sounding data has been made. Experimental data obtained by the Russian chirp-sounders network have been used. For the first time, using experimental data and numerical simulation, the quantitative dependency between the minimum foF2 magnitudes over round-the-world propagation paths and round-the-world maximum usable frequencies has been obtained.     

基于样本熵的语音信号检测算法

船舶自身发出的巨大噪声,严重影响了通讯设备通讯端船舶工作者的正常语音交流和通讯,须要进行语音信号增强,将语音信号从背景噪声中检测分离出来。为此,文章在分析语音信号与船舶背景噪声信号时域序列复杂性基础上,提出基于信号序列样本熵的语音信号检测算法。该算法将含噪信号进行分帧后,首先计算每帧信号的样本熵,并根据自适应预设阈值对信号进行初始判断；然后,利用信号通常持续一定时间的连续性,对信号初始判断进行平滑,得到信号的最终判别类别,实现对语音信号的检测。经过大量实测实验数据的验证,环境噪声信号的辨别准确度为 90.33%,语音信号为 95.05%,该算法取得了较好的判别精度。     

Coastal sea level measurements using a single geodetic GPS receiver

This paper presents a method to derive local sea level variations using data from a single geodetic-quality Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver using GPS (Global Positioning System) signals. This method is based on multipath theory for specular reflections and the use of Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) data. The technique could be valuable for altimeter calibration and validation. Data from two test sites, a dedicated GPS tide gauge at the Onsala Space Observatory (OSO) in Sweden and the Friday Harbor GPS site of the EarthScope Plate Boundary Observatory (PBO) in USA, are analyzed. The sea level results are compared to independently observed sea level data from nearby and in situ tide gauges. For OSO, the Root-Mean-Square (RMS) agreement is better than 5 cm, while it is in the order of 10 cm for Friday Harbor. The correlation coefficients are better than 0.97 for both sites. For OSO, the SNR-based results are also compared with results from a geodetic analysis of GPS data of a two receivers/antennae tide gauge installation. The SNR-based analysis results in a slightly worse RMS agreement with respect to the independent tide gauge data than the geodetic analysis (4.8 cm and 4.0 cm, respectively). However, it provides results even for rough sea surface conditions when the two receivers/antennae installation no longer records the necessary data for a geodetic analysis.     

光子TOA与自转频率误差对Crab脉冲星脉冲TOA估计的影响

为量化分析Crab脉冲星X射线波段光子到达时间（TOA）测量误差和自转频率误差对脉冲TOA估计的影响，仿真生成了13 200组带有不同光子TOA测量误差的光子TOA数据。采用含有不同大小自转频率误差的Crab脉冲星星历，通过历元折叠建立积分脉冲轮廓，与标准脉冲轮廓作互相关运算获得各组仿真观测的脉冲TOA测量误差，进一步计算出各误差参数组的仿真观测脉冲TOA测量误差均方根（RMS）。仿真结果表明，为使Crab脉冲星脉冲TOA短期测量精度达到30 ~300 μs量级的要求，有效面积为6 000 cm2和30 cm2的探测器脉冲星自转频率误差均应小于3×10-6 Hz，30 cm2的探测器光子TOA的偶然误差同时应控制在500 μs以内。     

X射线脉冲星导航中的滤波方法分析

X射线脉冲星导航由于需要大量的观测数据来确定天体方位,因此需要较长的滤波周期(500 ～ 1000s),系统的状态方程是非线性的.若采用扩展Kalman滤波(EKF),线性化时会产生较大的高阶截断误差,且Jacobian矩阵不易精确计算,导致定轨的精度较低.文中采用非线性滤波方法- Unscented Kalman 滤...     

基于IPTA数据的毫秒脉冲星综合稳定度评估

利用脉冲星极其稳定的自转频率可以形成一种天文时间基准，部分毫秒级脉冲星的稳定度甚至超越了原子钟，但其观测稳定度易受多种噪声源的影响。一般来说，不同的脉冲星的噪声大部分是相互独立的，因此可以通过加权综合和滤波算法构建综合脉冲星时，有效去除计时残差中的噪声。针对此问题，采用10颗毫秒级脉冲星的国际脉冲星计时阵列（international pulsar timing array, IPTA）数据进行了稳定度评估分析，其中7颗脉冲星的观测数据长度在10年以上。综合考虑单颗脉冲星稳定度评估的结果和观测数据的长度后，筛选出了4颗脉冲星用于构建综合脉冲星时。同时对比了经典加权算法、小波分解算法和维纳滤波算法的综合脉冲星时稳定度结果。结果表明：脉冲星的长期稳定度优于短期稳定度，2颗脉冲星在1年处稳定度达10-15量级，8颗在1 000天处也达到了10-15量级，其中PSR J1600-3053在5年处稳定度达到了最佳，为7.023×10-16 。此外，三种算法中，维纳滤波建立的综合脉冲星时稳定度最佳，在5年处达到了1.502×10-15，优于参与构建的其他所有脉冲星的5年稳定度。     

应变天平信号调理和模拟校正的研究与应用

应变天平的输出信号较小，安装和信号连接环节较多，吹风试验过程中故障较频繁。故对其信号进行合适的调理，使用适当的电信号校正技术，即用电的方法模拟天平所受的载荷，对解决天平使用过程中的问题，迅速诊断故障，提高天平以及风洞测力试验精度和准确度都有重要的意义。     

基于MATLAB间断照射雷达信号仿真技术

针对间断照射雷达信号质量分析过程中没有实际雷达的问题，根据复杂间断照射雷达信号产生原理，提出了用任意波形发生器和微波信号源模拟雷达波形的方法，基于软件无线电技术，给出了用MATLAB软件仿真复杂基带调制信号并导入任意波形发生器的具体实施方案。采用该方案设计的信号模拟方法，产生的信号涵盖调制副载波参数、脉冲同步信号、编码信息等丰富的内容，可以解决实验室环境中复杂间断照射雷达信号的获取问题。经过试验验证，该仿真信号的方案具有通用性好、易于实现等特点，可以为相同体制复杂调制信号的产生提供方法和手段，减少试验成本。