基于图像处理技术的仪表非接触测量

介绍了基于图像处理技术的仪表非接触测量系统的组成及工作原理。针对指针式仪表非接触测量中的指针信号提取,在基于点Hough变换拟合其圆心与半径以及中心投影法确定指针的大概位置的基础上,提出了一种基于亚像素定位的方法应用于拟合指针直线,从而实现指针式仪表高精度的自动检定。实验表明,该方法具有快速、准确等特点。     

一种新的多输出重要性测度及其高效计算方法

基本变量重要性测度分析是结构安全评估以及工程优化设计的一项必要工作。本文结合矩独立重要性测度思想和基于方差的重要性测度思想,提出了一种新的适用于多个输出的重要性测度。所提测度利用概率积分转化(Probability integration transformation,PIT),将输出的不确定性由输出的联合分布函数来表征。在多输出情况下,相比单纯基于方差的重要性测度,所提测度能够同时包含各个输出的不确定性及其相关性。而相比单纯的矩独立重要性测度,由于它使用方差来衡量变异性,因而求解过程更为简便。在计算多输出的分布函数时,本文采用基于分数矩的极大熵方法结合Nataf变换法,在保证求解精度的同时大大降低了模型调用次数。数值和工程算例说明了该测度的合理性以及计算方法的高效性。     

典型轨道环境效应及对在轨卫星影响分析

近年来，各航天大国对空间轨道资源的挖掘与应用不断拓展。超低轨道、椭圆轨道、坟墓轨道、拉格朗日点等，因其在快速重访、定点观测、空间攻防、科学探索等方面的优势，逐步纳入各国防灾减灾、战事快响、导弹预警、空间突防和太阳观测等应用领域。随着卫星在轨经历的空间环境变得更加复杂，空间环境效应引发的卫星故障和异常情况日益突出。本文围绕目前国内外关注的五类典型轨道，对其主要环境特征、环境效应、地面模拟试验方法等进行了分析与讨论;梳理了各轨道关键敏感环境因素及典型环境效应，重点探讨了典型轨道下原子氧剥蚀、深层充放电、总剂量、单粒子等效应对卫星的影响;总结了相关地面模拟试验设备能力、试验方法适用性，并对后续发展提出建议。     

An information-volume-based distance measure for decision-making

D-S evidence theory, as a general framework for reasoning with uncertainty, allows combining pieces of evidence from different information sources to derive a degree of belief function that is a type of fuzzy measure. However, the mass assignments given by unknown information sources are disordered. How to measure the difference between the mass assignments has aroused people’s interest. In this paper, inspired by the information volume, a novel distance-based measure is proposed to measure the difference between mass assignments. The method can refine the uncertain information given by experts and compare the refined information to obtain the difference between mass assignments. At the same time, it is verified that the measure not only meets the properties of distance, but also proves the superiority of the proposed Information Volume Distance (IVD) through simulation experiments. Meanwhile, in the process of information fusion, the reliability of each source could be quantified through IVD. Therefore, based on IVD, a new multi-source information algorithm is proposed to solve the problem of multi-source information fusion. Moreover, algorithm is applied to decision-making problem and compare with other methods to verify the effectiveness.     

蜂窝增强低密度硅基烧蚀防热材料性能

高速再入飞行器通常采用烧蚀防热材料作为外表面大面积的热防护材料。本文对两种蜂窝增强低密度硅基烧蚀防热材料的力学性能、热物理性能和烧蚀性能进行了测试,并结合试验结果对烧蚀机理进行了研究分析。结果表明,材料的密度越高、拉伸强度就越高,但拉伸模量相近;两种材料的隔热性能参数都较低。两种材料在不同热流密度条件下的电弧风洞烧蚀后退速率都较低,在部分烧蚀条件下有轻微膨胀。两种材料的烧蚀背温都较低,烧蚀表面形貌良好,能满足设计指标要求,是一种适用范围较广的烧蚀防热材料。