三维曲线坐标系N－S方程通用形式和数字解

运用张量分析理论，比较简捷地导出了三维任意曲线坐标系上椭圆型Ｎ－Ｓ方程的通用形式。在对这些方程进行数值离散时，采用了有限控制体积的非交错网格设置，该算法以ＳＩＭＰＬＥ为基础，为了抑制压力振荡场的出现，在压力修正方程中对压力梯度的离散附加一项１—δｘ的差分。作为算例，本文给出了三维９０°强曲率弯曲管道中气流的不可压缩紊流状态的数值计算结果，并与相关的实验数据进行了对比，结果是满意的。     

一般硬化材料弹塑性旋转盘的变分解法

首先在小弹塑性范围内用应变的奇次四项式相当精确地拟合一般硬化材料的拉伸曲线;再在体积不变条件下用弹性位移场的已知模态和一待定幅值构成弹塑性位移场;最后用势能原理确定该幅值而得到封闭解。     

人工释能法求解线性代数方程组

本文建立求解线性代数方程组的人工释能法迭代格式,并给出该迭代格式收敛的充分必要条件和最佳释能时机,同时给出实现人工释能法的数值计算方法及其数值稳定性条件。     

旋成体零攻角纵向大扰动势流的AF-2迭代及其并行算法

 <正> 1.引言 为提高跨音速差分计算效率,人们在计算格式的设计、改进方面做了大量的工作,并取得了可喜的成就。并行计算机的出现和发展,使我们有可能进一步提高计算效率。第9期阂赛金等:旋成体零攻角纵向大扰动势流的人F一2迭代及其并行算法A弓n因为并行处理机具有处理数据能力强、计算效益高的特点,但这种机器必须结合具体问题和机器特点加以考虑才能发挥其优势。目前,利用我国设计的“YH一1”(“银河一1”)亿次并行处理机,开展跨音速差分计算的并行算法研究具有理论和运用上的重要意义     

基于弹簧系统网格变形方法的旋翼气弹耦合分析

在旋翼气动弹性耦合（CFD/CSD）分析中引入弹簧系统网格变形方法，建立了一套适合于旋翼气动载荷分析的CFD/CSD耦合方法。为了解决CFD/CSD耦合中关键的网格变形问题，旋翼桨叶贴体网格变形采用基于“ball-vertex” 弹簧系统的动态网格方法，通过添加冗余约束，避免了畸形网格单元的产生。旋翼流场计算采用基于Navier-Stokes(N-S)方程的CFD模块，对基于运动嵌套网格 的空间流场进行求解，湍流模型采用B-L模型。结构分析采用基于中等变形梁理论的CSD模块，基于Hamilton变分原理建立旋翼桨叶动力学方程。首先对振荡NACA0012翼型的流场进行了求解，验证了网格变形模块和CFD模块的有效性，然后采用UH-60A直升机旋翼作为算例对结构动力学模块进行数值验证。在此基础上，计算了UH-60A直升机旋翼桨叶在前飞状态下的非定常气动载荷，并与飞行测试数据进行了对比。计算结果表明，文中的弹簧系统网格变形方 法可以有效地用于旋翼CFD/CSD耦合计算分析，提高了旋翼气弹载荷的预测精度。     

Automatic differentiation based discrete adjoint method for aerodynamic design optimization on unstructured meshes

A systematic methodology for formulating, implementing, solving and verifying discrete adjoint of the compressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations for aerodynamic design optimization on unstructured meshes is proposed. First, a general adjoint formulation is con-structed for the entire optimization problem, including parameterization, mesh deformation, flow solution and computation of the objective function, which is followed by detailed formulations of matrix-vector products arising in the adjoint model. According to this formulation, procedural components of implementing the required matrix-vector products are generated by means of auto-matic differentiation (AD) in a structured and modular manner. Furthermore, a duality-preserving iterative algorithm is employed to solve flow adjoint equations arising in the adjoint model, ensur-ing identical convergence rates for the tangent and the adjoint models. A three-step strategy is adopted to verify the adjoint computation. The proposed method has several remarkable features:the use of AD techniques avoids tedious and error-prone manual derivation and programming;duality is strictly preserved so that consistent and highly accurate discrete sensitivities can be obtained; and comparable efficiency to hand-coded implementation can be achieved. Upon the cur-rent discrete adjoint method, a gradient-based optimization framework has been developed and applied to a drag reduction problem.     

A coupling VWM/CFD/CSD method for rotor airload prediction

A coupling fluid-structure method with a combination of viscous wake model(VWM),computational fluid dynamics(CFD) and comprehensive structural dynamics(CSD) modules is developed in this paper for rotor unsteady airload prediction. The hybrid VWM/CFD solver is employed to model the nonlinear aerodynamic phenomena and complicated rotor wake dynamics;the moderate deflection beam theory is implemented to predict the blade structural deformation; the loose coupling strategy based on the ‘delt method' is used to couple the fluid and structure solvers.Several cases of Helishape 7A rotor are performed first to investigate the effect of elastic deformation on airloads. Then, two challenging forward flight conditions of UH-60 A helicopter rotor are investigated, and the simulated results of wake geometry, chordwise pressure distribution and sectional normal force show excellent agreement with available test data; a comparison with traditional CFD/CSD method is also presented to illustrate the efficiency of the developed method.     

Electric potential structures of auroral acceleration region border from multi-spacecraft Cluster data

This paper studies an auroral event using data from three spacecraft of the Cluster mission, one inside and two at the poleward edge of the bottom of the Auroral Acceleration Region (AAR). The study reveals the three-dimensional profile of the region’s poleward boundary, showing spatial segmentation of the electric potential structures and their decay in time. It also depicts localized magnetic field variations and field-aligned currents that appear to have remained stable for at least 80?s. Such observations became possible due to the fortuitous motion of the three spacecraft nearly parallel to each other and tangential to the AAR edge, so that the differences and variations can be seen when the spacecraft enter and exit the segmentations, hence revealing their position with respect to the AAR.     

共轴刚性旋翼气动干扰数值计算方法

建立了一个适用于共轴刚性旋翼气动特性分析的数值模拟方法。该方法采用任意拉格朗日欧拉方法(Arbitrary Lagrange Euler,ALE)描述的可压缩Navier-Stokes(N-S)方程求解流场,采用低数值耗散的Roe格式进行空间离散;使用多重嵌套网格方法以模拟双旋翼的运动。针对共轴刚性旋翼配平,引入"差量修正"策略解决了传统配平中雅克比矩阵计算复杂的问题。首先,对Harrington-2共轴双旋翼的悬停气动性能进行了计算,然后,对某2 m直径共轴双旋翼的悬停及前飞状态进行了计算,并与试验值进行了对比。结果表明:在典型状态下拉力系数的计算结果与试验值误差在3%以内,扭矩系数的计算结果与试验值误差基本在5%以内;所采用的数值计算方法对旋翼涡尾迹特征具有较高的捕捉精度,可以有效模拟共轴刚性旋翼悬停和小速度前飞下的复杂流场及其细节特征。     

A fast and automatic full-potential finite volume solver on Cartesian grids for unconventional configurations

To meet the requirements of fast and automatic computation of subsonic and transonic aerodynamics in aircraft conceptual design,a novel finite volume solver for full potential flows on adaptive Cartesian grids is developed in this paper.Cartesian grids with geometric adaptation are firstly generated automatically with boundary cells processed by cell-cutting and cell-merging algo rithms.The nonlinear full potential equation is discretized by a finite volume scheme on these Cartesian grids and iteratively solved in an implicit fashion with a generalized minimum residual (GMRES) algorithm.During computation,solution-based mesh adaptation is also applied so as to capture flow features more accurately.An improved ghost-cell method is proposed to implement the non-penetration wall boundary condition where the velocity-potential of a ghost cell is modified by an analytic method instead.According to the characteristics of the Cartesian grids,the Kutta condition is applied by specially computing the gradients on Kutta-faces without directly assigning the potential jump to cells adjacent wake faces,which can significantly improve the solution con verging speed.The feasibility and accuracy of the proposed method are validated by several typical cases of sub/transonic flows around an ONERA M6 wing,a DLR-F4 wing-body,and an unconventional figuration of a blended wing body (BWB).The validation cases demonstrate a fast convergence with fully automatic grid treatment and computation,and the results suggest its capacity in application for aircraft conceptual design.