黎曼几何在计算机视觉中的应用研究进展

在计算机视觉领域，许多任务相关数据具有非欧结构，近年来基于黎曼几何的数据表征与应用研究受到了越来越多的关注。如何充分利用数据的几何结构，来提高目标识别、目标跟踪及目标检测算法的性能，是其中的一些研究热点。本文主要从三个方面介绍黎曼流形在计算机视觉中的应用研究进展。首先，从数学基本概念出发，阐述黎曼流形与图像的关系以及视觉应用的可行性，并介绍计算机视觉中具有重要应用的几种黎曼流形。其次，对黎曼流形在计算机视觉中若干常见应用进行了概述，重点介绍了与深度学习相结合的相关进展。最后，对引入黎曼流形的机器学习方法的未来发展进行了分析和讨论。     

航空发动机装配数字化技术应用研究

通过对航空发动机装配数字化的应用背景、流程优化、关键技术、数据集成、知识重用等方面进行了深入的研究与探索,系统地提出了装配数字化的一套合理的解决方案,对于提高装配质量水平,实现精益化装配指出了一条可行的路线。     

Multi-objective optimization of parachute triggering algorithm for Mars exploration

A multi-objective optimization procedure to design parachute triggering algorithm, based on Monte Carlo analysis of flight uncertainties, has been developed in this paper. Most of Mars explorations missions utilize parachute for a safe descent through the lowest of the atmosphere. The parachute triggering algorithm is designed to accommodate the range of off-nominal entry trajectories, and is aimed to parachute opening in certain range of Mach numbers, dynamic pressure and altitude. Our novel algorithm takes the fight uncertainty into the account through Monte Carlo analysis, selects maximization of altitude statistical mean and minimization of Mach number statistical mean as two objectives, then employs multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition (MOEA/D), to search the Pareto-front framework. Such a methodology can be implemented on the future design of entry, descent, and landing (EDL) mission.     

Analysis of precipitable water vapour characteristics from GNSS measurements during the snow season in Liaoning Province,China

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) remote sensing precipitable water vapour (PWV) data from November 2015 to March 2019 were combined with snowfall observation data and used to analyse PWV characteristics in Liaoning Province during the snow season (from November to March the following year) and their relationship with snowfall. The potential of using GNSS for PWV measurements was demonstrated using sounding data with a correlation coefficient higher than 0.9 and a mean bias error lower than 0.5 mm. According to the GNSS PWV data gathered at 30-min intervals from 68 GNSS stations in Liaoning during the snow season, the monthly PWV average was highest in November and lowest in January. Negative correlations were found between PWV and altitude. Most of the water vapour was concentrated in the low layer of the atmosphere, and the contribution of this vapour to the PWV was higher during the snow season than in summer. A total of 43 snow cases were identified using the snowfall records from 53 GNSS stations, and the characteristics of PWV during these snowfalls were analysed. An increase in PWV was observed before snowfall events. Moreover, the influence of synoptic systems and air mass origins on PWV was analysed based on National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis data and the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model. The results show that the water vapour condition was better when the synoptic systems or air masses came from areas south of Liaoning.     

基于改进GPC的无人直升机动态路径规划

针对小型无人直升机航迹受到风场扰动和导航系统定位误差影响下的航迹最优规划问题,建立了风扰动和导航误差影响下的飞行航迹线性模型。基于混合整数规划思想,采用粒子滤波改进广义模型预测控制算法实时规划航迹,降低了导航定位误差造成的航迹估计偏差,提高了航迹估计精度。仿真结果表明,该算法能够生成三维可行航迹并躲避障碍物,且规划时间和无人机能耗较传统方法显著减少。     

基于粒子群算法的导弹PID控制参数选择

PID控制在导弹控制系统的设计中得到了较多的应用,但PID控制器的性能依赖于其参数的整定和优化。利用粒子群算法对控制器的参数进行优化,并对俯仰通道控制系统进行了仿真研究,结果表明,攻角和俯仰角速度都取得了较好的效果,当气动参数具有不确定性时,效果依然较好,验证了方法的有效性。     

航空变频电源下笼型感应电机矩形转子槽结构优化分析

当前大功率的航空发电机开始采用360~800Hz的变频输出方式,在航空变频电源的直接供电下,感应电机的性能受到频率变化最大的影响是在高频时起动转矩太低。针对笼型感应电机,采用解析计算的方法对矩形转子槽尺寸进行优化,在不改变稳态性能的条件下获得最大起动转矩。深槽尺寸的变化将影响集肤效应系数和槽漏感2个方面,二者对起动转矩的作用相反。通过综合2个方面的因素,建立起包含槽型尺寸和频率的动态转子参数模型,并采用该动态转子参数对传统的转矩公式进行调整,进而获得关于转子槽尺寸的起动力矩解析式,同时基于该解析式实现对起动力矩的优化。采用该解析方法对7.5kW感应电机进行深槽转子优化,并对航空变频电源驱动时的起动特性进行了仿真和样机实验,验证了该方法在矩形转子槽优化设计中的有效性。     

大部件对接中iGPS高精度位姿测量优化设计

 为保证大部件对接位姿测量精度,提高对接测量效率,实现大部件最优位姿装配,提出了基于iGPS测量系统的大部件对接位姿测量优化设计方法。首先,基于iGPS系统测量模型和不确定度模型建立对接测量网络,并对其网络测量精度进行仿真分析,优化设计了对接测量网络iGPS多发射器的布站方式;其次,基于对大部件位姿参数求解模型及不确定度模型的仿真分析,优化设计了调姿基准点的布设方式;最后,对某机型大部件对接进行了位姿测量方式的对比实验。结果表明,经过位姿测量优化设计后,大部件对接测量x、y、z的位置调整不确定度均小于0.16 mm,姿态滚转角、俯仰角和偏航角的角度调整不确定度均小于3.1",相较于未经布站优化设计的测量方式,精度至少提高了20%。由此证明该测量优化设计方案能够高效、高精度地对移动大部件进行实时位姿测量,在有效提高大部件对接位姿测量效率及精度方面是可行的。     

可应用于民机空气动力设计中的数值优化方法简

 目前民机成功设计的一个关键要素即在设计中有效地引入计算流体力学（CFD）的模拟方法和软件,特别是具有设计能力的方法和工具。本文概要地叙述了反设计、基于CFD低可信度和高可信度模型等数值优化方法的发展和应用于民机设计的历史和现状;简单地介绍了即将举行的空气动力优化设计计算系列研讨会;重点讨论了对可应用于民机设计的基于Navier-Stokes方程解算器的OPTIMAS的数值优化方法的要求及其构造方法,并以翼身组合体整流外形和翼身融合体（BWB）外形的算例表明其有效性,说明OPTIMAS可以成为民机日常设计的方法和工具之一。