离心式压气机出口动态压力的关联维数特征分析

基于相空间重构理论,以800kW离心式压气机在不同工况下的出口动态压力为研究对象,分析了其时域、频域和关联维数特征,目的是实现喘振识别.结果表明:系统稳态时,动态压力幅值小且随机特性强,系统的混沌特征较为明显.此状态下的关联维数曲线波动很大,饱和关联维数也较大(8～20),并且部分时段不存在饱和关联维数.而随着系统经过...     

静叶轮毂间隙对压气机角区失速的控制

为了研究静叶轮毂间隙对压气机角区失速的控制作用，以某1.5级轴流压气机为研究对象，采用三维数值模拟方法研究静叶轮毂整体间隙和部分间隙对压气机低工况点和设计点气动性能的影响。结果表明:整体间隙通过产生泄漏流削弱起始于轮毂表面终止于静叶吸力面的“龙卷风”旋涡的能量源，达到了控制角区失速提高压气机低工况点性能的目的，但间隙产生的泄漏损失会降低设计点性能。而部分间隙明显优于整体间隙，部分间隙的位置越靠近尾缘，低工况点性能提高的幅度越大，同时对设计点的损害越小。TAI2方案的低工况点流量增加了0.89kg/s，效率提高了1.25%，而设计点效率不降低。另一方面，只有当部分间隙增大到一定尺寸后间隙泄漏流才足以抑制角区失速团。      

基于非定常喷气的压气机模型及模态控制

以定常喷气下的多维压气机系统模型为基础,考虑引入非定常喷气带来的质量和动量效应,建立了非定常喷气下的多维压气机系统模型；分析了压气机主动稳定模态控制机理,并在上述模型基础上设计了非定常喷气下的模态控制律。以某压气机为例,在失速工况下,分别进行无喷气开环性能和非定常喷气下模态控制仿真。结果表明:与定常喷气模态控制相比,采用非定常喷气进行模态控制,流量仅为定常喷气的57%~80%,即可达到相同的控制效果,可有效减少喷气控制的流量,并且前4阶模态控制可以扩展压气机稳定工作范围达2.34%；控制模态越多,扩稳范围越大。      

某型涡轴发动机喘振攻关与验证

针对某型涡轴发动机夏季试车时常发生加速喘振故障的问题,使用故障树初步分析引起喘振的主要原因,并通过径向扩压器叶片进行流场仿真、串装、多台发动机对比计量、试车试验等,对喘振原因进行深入分析。研究表明径向扩压器进口叶根倒角变大对发动机加速性能有一定程度的改善作用,大气条件对发动机加速性有一定影响,径扩面积越大、叶根圆角与进气边转接越顺滑,越有利于加速性能。     

基于偏最小二乘回归同时测定阿莫西林和多四环素含量

阿莫西林和多四环素在紫外光谱区间吸收峰附近有多重共线现象,紫外分光光度法难以准确测出2种物质各自含量.本文通过L_(16)(4~5)正交实验设计,采集200～250 nm波长混合样品吸收光谱,数据经标准化处理,建立偏最小二乘回归预报数学模型.结果显示,该法计算阿莫西林和多四环素的预测相对误差(RPE)分别为3.13%和6.42%,平均加标回收率分别为100.34%和100.71%.该法简便快捷,准确可靠,样品无需预先分离.     

Pneumatic pressure control based on improved NMPC and its application to aeroengine surge simulation

In the semi-physical simulation of aeroengines, using the pneumatic pressure servo control technology to provide realistic pneumatic excitation to the sensors and electronic controller can improve the confidence of the simulation and reduce the test cost and risk. However, the existing methods could not satisfy the precise simulation of large-amplitude and high-frequency pulsating pressure during aeroengine surge. In this paper, a pneumatic pressure control system with asymmetric groups of the High-Speed on–off Valve (HSV) is designed, and an Improved Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (INMPC) method is proposed. First, the volumetric flow characteristics of HSV are tested and analyzed with Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal input. Then, a simplified HSV model with the volume flow characteristic correction is developed. Based on these, an integrated model for the whole system is further established and used as the prediction model in INMPC. To improve the computational speed of the rolling optimization process, the mapping scheme from control signal to PWM duty cycle of HSVs and the objective function with exterior penalty function are designed. Finally, the random step, sinusoidal and real engine surge data are set as the reference pressure in multiple comparative experiments to verify the effectiveness of the pressure tracking system.     

A high-safety active/passive hybrid control approach for compressor surge based on nonlinear model predictive control

Surge active control can expand the stable operating range of the compressor. However, the difficulty of flow measurement, dynamic uncertainty disturbance, actuator delay characteristics, hard constraints of control variable, and system security measures have not been fully considered in the existing active control system, which significantly hinders its engineering application. Therefore, a nonlinear model predictive surge active control method is first presented based on flow estimator designed by using a continuous-time Kalman filter for dealing with the hard constraint of control variable and the impact of actuator delay of compression system with dynamic uncertainty. Then, a high-safety active/surge passive hybrid control strategy is designed, dominated by the surge active control and supplemented by the surge passive control, to ensure the compression system’s safe and stable operation. Lastly, the simulation results suggest that the flow estimator accurately estimates the compressor flow. When considering the delay impact of the actuators and sensors and measurement noise on the system, the proposed method exhibits stronger robustness than the existing methods. The active/surge passive hybrid control strategy can successfully ensure the compression system's safe and stable operation. This paper is of high practical significance for the engineering application of future compressor surge active control technologies.     

跨声速轴流压气机转子弯掠控制机理

以1.5级跨声速轴流压气机为研究对象，采用三维数值模拟方法研究弯掠叶片技术对压气机不同工况的控制机理.结果表明:设计转速时前掠与反弯的组合弯掠优于前掠与正弯的组合弯掠，而部分转速时正好相反，这是因为不同弯掠方案对跨声速压气机不同工况的控制机理不同.设计转速时弯掠叶片改变叶顶激波强度和位置以及叶顶间隙泄漏涡强度，并改变叶片表面展向“C”型压力分布，三者共同作用从而提高设计转速时压气机的喘振裕度，但也造成设计转速效率下降；而部分转速时，压气机流场中的激波消失，弯掠叶片改变叶顶吸力面逆压力梯度和增强展向“C”型压力分布，两者共同作用使压气机的稳定性提高，但效率也会下降.      

润滑油红外光谱去噪预处理方法

采用小波包变换软阈值去噪方法对润滑油的红外光谱进行去噪预处理,结合偏最小二乘法进行定量预测,并与常用的平滑去噪方法进行对比。结果表明,小波包变换能有效地去除红外光谱的噪声,以此为基础建立的润滑油酸值模型的预测精度高于常用的平均平滑法和 Savitzky-Golay卷积平滑法这 2种平滑去噪方法的预测精度。