航天员出舱牵引构型设计与结构响应性能评估

针对航天员出舱过程所用安全绳锁挂频繁的问题，进行了安全高效的航天员出舱牵引系统构型设计，可作为太空行走的辅助导向装置。基于材料结构弹塑性力学方程与含应变耦合项的热传导方程，推导结构热力响应可计算数学模型，利用Newmark方法以及Crank-Nicolson数值格式分别对热弹性方程和热传导方程进行时间域上的离散，构造金属结构响应无条件稳定隐式有限元格式，搭建了温度场与位移场相互影响热力耦合有限元算法(FEM)性能评估软件系统，以此对牵引系统的导轨进行热力耦合数值计算，得到在太阳辐射外热流载荷作用下具有较强抗变形能力的结论。计算了航天员采用牵引系统出舱时对导轨产生的拉力，并借助ANSYS Workbench对导轨进行静力学求解，验证了该牵引系统具备结构强度可靠性，可为空间站建设舱外作业平台提供重要理论分析依据与设计参考。     

ITER超导线缆铠甲套管超声相控阵检测方法

为实现ITER超导线缆铠甲套管的超声相控阵检测,对铠甲套管的外形结构及缺陷特点的深入了解并参考文献方法,设计制作不同角度U形槽的人工试样;进行多晶片组不同角度入射声场设计,建立理论模型;借助M2M 256×256相控阵设备和Multi2000软件平台进行Multi-Salvo设置,开发基于VC~++6.0平台的客户端软件,实现A扫描的实时显示和数据存储,特殊形状试件的B扫描图像拟合并实时显示等功能。实验结果表明,通过旋转90°检测一次的方式实现铠甲套管的100%相控阵检测。     

Space law education in China: Status quo,shortcomings and possible ways out

Space law education has an essential role in the space capacity building of a country because of its importance for human resources development in space law. Comparisons between Canada and China, the European Union and China and the United States of America (USA) and China in space law degree education, course, teaching methodology, institute and practice and communication platform are provided in an attempt to review some issues which exist within the Chinese space law educational system and to seek a better choice for China’s space law education reform. Chinese space law education has achieved noticeable progress over the past two decades. However, it is still limited in comparison to its counterparts in Europe and Northern America. The range of the space law degree education programmes and space-law-related courses is comparatively limited. A gap remains between space law education and practice in China. Chinese space law classes are still dominated by the teacher-centred teaching methodology, although several universities have some new teaching practices. The establishment of seven space law-related research institutes plays an increasingly important role in Chinese space law education, space law and policy research and legal advisory services for the Chinese government and non-governmental sectors. However, these institutes still have a long way to go in comparison with their counterparts in Europe and Northern America. While China has established domestic research platforms for space law communication through international cooperation, it does not provide space law practice platforms for space law education. While international space law does not provide a direct legal foundation for space law education in China, Chinese educational laws can lay a profound legal foundation for Chinese space law education. To promote its national expertise and capacity in space law, based on the three-pillar model and the experiences of its counterparts in North America and Europe, China should adopt a systematic and sustainable regime for its space law education.     

Hardware qualification for scientific ballooning missions

The European Stratospheric Balloon Observatory (ESBO) initiative aims at simplifying the access to stratospheric balloon missions. We plan to provide platforms and support with instrument design in order to support scientists. During the design process, the inevitable question of qualification for the harsh flight conditions arises. Unfortunately, there is no existing standard for qualification of stratospheric ballooning hardware. Thus, we developed a qualification procedure for use within ESBO and similar projects.In this paper, we present our analysis of the environmental conditions in the stratosphere. While conditions at typical balloon float altitudes are similar to the space environment, there are also some relevant differences. For example, the thermal environment is dominated by radiation and thermal conduction, but the remaining atmosphere still supports a certain amount of convection. The remaining atmospheric pressure in the stratosphere also leads to reduced arcing distances. Vibrational loads are far less than for space missions, but quasi-static or shock loads may occur. The criticality of radiation increases with mission duration.Based on the environmental conditions, we present the qualification procedures for ESBO, which are based on the European Cooperation for Space Standardization (ECSS) standards for space systems. Overtesting against too high requirements leads to overengineering, driving mission cost and mitigating the advantages of balloons over space missions. Therefore, we modified the ECSS standards to fit typical scientific ballooning missions over several days at altitudes up to 40 km. Furthermore, we analyzed design rules for space systems with regard to their relevance for scientific ballooning, including material and component selection. We present the experience from the hardware qualification process for the ESBO prototype STUDIO (Stratospheric UV Demonstrator of an Imaging Observatory). Even though boundary conditions are different for each individual mission, we aimed for a broader approach: We investigated more general requirements for scientific ballooning missions to support future flights.