应变速率对LC4CS铝合金腐蚀性能的影响

在腐蚀环境和外力的协同作用下，铝合金的某些电化学性能将发生明显变化，本文发现，随着应变速率的增加，LC4CS铝合金自腐蚀电位负移的速率也增加，当与阳极氧化后的铝合金耦合时，LC4CS铝合金的耦合电流随应变速率的增加而逐渐增大，应变量大小0．04后的耦合电流急剧增大，在小幅度恒电位方波的作用下，暂态电流呈现新奇的力学效应，可以认为暂态电流的波动，将预示着铝合金表面状态的变化，尽管暂态电流波形受自腐蚀电位负移的影响而不对称，无法从恒电位的负向极化准确测量暂态电流，但是，从该方法所得的结果与耦合状态时的结论仍然是一致的。     

含有椭圆孔对称复合材料层板弯曲的应力集中

针对含有椭圆孔无限大对称复合材料层板在弯曲载荷作用下的应力集中问题，利用经典的复合材料层板理论，将对称层板弯曲归结为均匀各项异性薄板弯曲问题来求解，采用各向异性薄板弯曲理论中复势方法，以保角映射技术为工具，得到了其解析解。并详细讨论了椭圆孔或圆孔对单层板和对称层板弯曲应力集中的影响，得到了对工程应用有一定价值的结论。     

机器人避碰规划综述

避碰规划是机器人控制技术研究中的一个重要问题,目前的研究主要可分为两大类:全局方法和局部方法,全局方法一般指Ｃ空间方法,局部方法一般指人工势场法。本文综述了近二十年有关这方面研究的一些较有影响的思想和方法(主要针对关节式机械臂避碰规划)。     

Advances in space research nonlinear dependence of Dst and AE indices on the electric field of magnetic clouds

Using the Dst and AE geomagnetic index values and parameters of interplanetary magnetic field and solar wind we have examined the geoeffectiveness of transient ejections in the solar wind, namely, magnetic clouds and high-speed streams. It is found that for magnetic clouds the dependences of indices on the solar wind electric field are nonlinear of different kind. In contrast to magnetic clouds, the dependence of Dst and AE geomagnetic index values on the solar wind electric field agrees closely with the linear one for high-speed streams. We suggest approximating formulas to describe dependences obtained taking into account the relation of the electric field transpolar potential to the electric field and dynamic pressure of the solar wind. We suppose that the interplanetary magnetic field fluctuations also contribute to these dependences.     

基于潜在冲突的交叉点航路构型研究

航路交叉点的承载能力是决定航路容量的关键因素,而研究交叉点的潜在冲突与航路构型是提高交叉点容量的有效方法.首先根据国内现有几大主要航路构型的运行现状,提出构型存在的主要问题并加以总结.然后建立基于影响航段的交叉航路冲突模型,分别讨论了航路交角、航班流率、安全间隔3方面对平均冲突数的影响.最后比较分流法和降维法两种扩容方法,通过容量模型和数值分析计算,把三维交叉航路降为二维简单交叉航路,把"米"字型航路改为"井"字型航路,验证了降维法更具有可行性.研究表明,"井"字型航路可以增大航路网的现有容量,是提高空域利用率和运行效率的有效方法.     

Ionospheric precursors of earthquakes and Global Electric Circuit

The electromagnetic coupling between the seismically activated area and the ionosphere is considered within the framework of the Global Electric Circuit (GEC) conception. First we consider the anomalous variations in the ionosphere associated with the earthquake preparation process, their temporal and spatial characteristics using the results from recent publications. Then the GEC conception is presented shortly with main accent put on ionization processes which play key role in the complex chain of physical and chemical interactions changing the electric properties of the planetary boundary layer of atmosphere. We treat this part of troposphere as an open complex system with dissipation where so called “blow up” processes are developed leading to sharp and fast changes of atmospheric parameters including the electric properties of the boundary layer. The new concept named Spatial Scintillation Index is introduced in the last part of the paper. In general, this paper may be considered as a short review of the recent achievements in understanding of the seismo-ionospheric coupling.     

Design and operation of an anaerobic digester for waste management and fuel generation during long term lunar mission

Waste treatment and management for manned long term exploratory missions to moon will be a challenge due to longer mission duration. The present study investigated appropriate digester technologies that could be used on the base. The effect of stirring, operation temperature, organic loading rate and reactor design on the methane production rate and methane yield was studied. For the same duration of digestion, the unmixed digester produced 20–50% more methane than mixed system. Two-stage design which separated the soluble components from the solids and treated them separately had more rapid kinetics than one stage system, producing the target methane potential in one-half the retention time than the one stage system. The two stage system degraded 6% more solids than the single stage system. The two stage design formed the basis of a prototype digester sized for a four-person crew during one year exploratory lunar mission.     

当前经济增长的周期性、阶段性特征及政策思路

根据经济周期谷底的特性以及中美两国经济紧密关联和经济周期越来越契合的规律,可以印证2009年就是新一轮经济周期的谷底,由此可以断定当前处于复苏阶段.然而近三年来我国经济增速持续下滑至谷底以下,这一反常现象是由于经济短周期冲高回落与经济增长阶段转换相互叠加造成的.河南省与全国经济周期高度一致,时滞半年左右.在高速经济增长阶段河南省潜在经济增长率比全国高出2个百分点,中高速阶段高出1.5个百分点.河南省近几年经济增速深度下滑,其关键原因是投资增速下滑,其根本原因是结构升级缓慢.未来河南经济要摆脱持续下行趋势,保持经济中高速增长,应坚持调结构、扩投资、促改革的政策思路,“调结构”是根本,“扩投资”是基础,“促改革”是保障.     

位错对形变304亚稳态不锈钢中奥氏体的电化学性能的影响

AISI 304亚稳态奥氏体不锈钢形变时容易发生相变,为避免产生相变马氏体而专注于研究位错的影响,采用局部电化学技术研究了拉伸应变分别为0%、10%、20%、30%和40%时的AISI 304不锈钢中奥氏体晶粒的电化学性能的变化规律,并分析了位错密度及位错组态对阻抗谱和动电位极化曲线等电化学性能的影响机理。研究结果表明:奥氏体的阻抗随位错密度的增大而降低,在低应变水平下位错密度的增大对阳极电流密度的降低有着重要作用;阳极电流密度随应变水平增加而增加,达到一个最大值后显著下降。通过扫描开尔文探针(SKP)的测量结果,计算得知位错堆积数比位错密度对阳极电流密度的影响更为显著,尤其是对于高应变水平不锈钢。     

基于神经网络和人工势场的协同博弈路径规划

协同博弈路径规划是空战自主决策、机器人体育比赛等应用场景中的重要问题，其难点在于对环境对抗性反馈的实时自适应和多智能体的相互配合。提出一种基于神经网络和人工势场的协同博弈路径规划方法，使用反向传播（BP）神经网络自适应调整人工势场函数系数，并将人工势场作为神经网络输出端的特征提取。为解决真实样本质量和数量不足的问题，基于遗传算法仿真生成样本数据用于神经网络训练，并通过滚动时域的思路面向动态博弈优化样本性能。从样本数据中提炼出距离差与航向差以反映协同和博弈特性，利用神经网络的黑盒特性和学习能力解决协同博弈问题。应用于二对一反隐身超视距空战路径规划，比经典人工势场法有明显性能提升，且计算开销可接受，计算复杂度分析表明该方法可以较好扩展到多机对抗场景。