白刚玉对微烟推进剂燃烧性能的影响

微烟推进剂不能含有铝粉,故必须加入其他燃烧稳定剂来抑制不稳定燃烧。本文提出了燃烧稳定剂选择的关键性指标——粒度及粒度分布的可控性,认为磨料微粉白刚玉(Al_2O_3)是微烟推进剂比较合适的燃烧稳定剂新品种,进而研究了白刚玉粒度、含量对推进剂燃速、压强指数和燃烧稳定性影响的规律性,探讨了燃烧前后白刚玉粒度变化的趋势,并由实测火焰结构证实,该推进剂与双基推进剂火焰结构相似,从而为该类推进剂选择催化剂提供了理论依据.     

寿命型产品定数截尾可靠性鉴定试验方案

寿命型产品定数截尾试验方案的研究较少。首先从理论上证明了寿命服从指数分布的产品,无论对定数截尾试验中的故障产品是否用新产品替换,其鉴定试验方案的设计公式完全相同。之后推导出了同时能满足检验上限、检验下限、生产方风险、使用方风险要求的定数截尾鉴定试验方案设计公式,并用GB 5080.7中的数据验证其正确性。给出了指数寿命型产品定数截尾试验中的接收概率公式,并推论出同一产品在不同试验方案的鉴定结果可能完全相反。最后,建议在鉴定试验前尽可能知晓产品的可靠性水平,从而可有目的选择或设计试验方案,以求产品高概率通过鉴定试验。     

Cost Engineering – The new paradigm for space launch vehicle design

The paper describes the basic definition and application of 'Cost Engineering' which means to design a vehicle system for minimum development cost and/or for minimum operations cost. This is important now and for the future since space transportation has become primarily a commercial business in contrast to the past where it has been mainly a subject of military power and national prestige. Several examples are presented for minimum-cost space launch vehicle configurations, such as increasing vehicle size and/or the use of less efficient rocket engines in order to reduce development and operations cost. Further a cost comparison is presented on single-stage (SSTO)-vehicles vs. two-stage launchers which shows that SSTOs have lower development and operations cost although they are larger, respectively have a higher lift-off mass than two-stage vehicles with the same performance. The design of a space tourism-dedicated launch vehicle is an extreme challenge for a cost-engineered vehicle design in order to achieve cost per seat not higher than $50,000. Finally an outlook is presented on the different options for manned Earth-to-Moon transportation modes and vehicles – another most important application of 'cost engineering', taking into account the large cost of such a future venture.     

Plasmaspheric electron content derived from GPS TEC and FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC measurements: Solar minimum condition

The plasmaspheric electron content (PEC) was estimated by comparison of GPS TEC observations and FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC radio occultation measurements at the extended solar minimum of cycle 23/24. Results are retrieved for different seasons (equinoxes and solstices) of the year 2009. COSMIC-derived electron density profiles were integrated up to the height of 700 km in order to retrieve estimates of ionospheric electron content (IEC). Global maps of monthly median values of COSMIC IEC were constructed by use of spherical harmonics expansion. The comparison between two independent measurements was performed by analysis of the global distribution of electron content estimates, as well as by selection specific points corresponded to mid-latitudes of Northern America, Europe, Asia and the Southern Hemisphere. The analysis found that both kinds of observations show rather similar diurnal behavior during all seasons, certainly with GPS TEC estimates larger than corresponded COSMIC IEC values. It was shown that during daytime both GPS TEC and COSMIC IEC values were generally lower at winter than in summer solstice practically over all specific points. The estimates of PEC (h > 700 km) were obtained as a difference between GPS TEC and COSMIC IEC values. Results of comparative study revealed that for mid-latitudinal points PEC estimates varied weakly with the time of a day and reached the value of several TECU for the condition of solar minimum. Percentage contribution of PEC to GPS TEC indicated the clear dependence from the time with maximal values (more than 50–60%) during night-time and lesser values (25–45%) during day-time.     

于无声处听惊雷——论明清才子佳人小说的情节自创性

明末清初的才子佳人小说在其"一见钟情(诗赋传情)"、"小人拨乱"、"及第团圆"的结构模式中,形成了看似"千部一套"的思维定势,但在这种模式化的内蕴中,却产生在小说情节、叙事形式上的变幻,使得这一时期的才子佳人小说犹如暗香疏影般显示出独特的审美魅力。     

多元高温合金固溶极限预测

综合考虑了溶质元素与基体元素的原子半径、电负性以及外层电子数的立方根对溶质元素固溶度的影响，推导出二元合金的固溶度定量方程，提出了多元高温合金固溶极限曲线的预测新方法，并将其应用于计算镍基和钴基三元合金相图的γ／（γ＋σ）相界和γ（γ＋μ）相界。结果表明，计算的固溶极限曲线与已知相图的固溶极限曲线较吻合，与Ｍｄ值法计算的相界比较，该方法具有较高的精度。     

无网格方法中含参数指数权函数的研究

选择合适的权函数及相应的影响半径是无网格方法中很重要的问题,在引入数值紧支域概念的基础上分析了含参数的指数权函数中参数的选取范围,综合考虑计算效率和精度后给出了参数的选取原则,并讨论了在特定的参数下的最优半径以及不同参数对最优半径的影响.     

输油管布置优化模型

根据两车站是否在同一竖线上,分成两种情况,其中重点考虑了两车站不在同一竖线上的情况。根据三角形的相关知识,给出了管线建设费用的目标函数,然后利用微分法,得出最省的管线费用,最终解决了输油管布置的问题。     

自由飞行下基于IPS算法的碰撞风险研究

自由飞行是解决空域拥挤问题的一种有效飞行模式。随着通信、导航、监视（ CNS ）技术的不断进步和自由飞行理论的不断完善,自由飞行将会使飞机由被动指挥向自选最优路径转变,能够明显提高空域的容量和飞行的效率。在评估自由飞行环境下飞机运行的安全性时,需要行之有效的碰撞风险评估方法。首先考虑通信、导航、监视（CNS）性能对飞机定位误差的影响,在执行飞行冲突解脱命令过程中引入相互作用粒子系统（IPS）,提出一种自由飞行下飞机碰撞风险评估算法,最后结合目标安全水平寻找最优最小安全间距。算例表明,算法能够快速有效计算自由飞行下飞机间碰撞风险,具有可行性。     

民用运输类飞机最小机组工作量评估中的评估机组选取研究

研究了民用运输类飞机最小机组工作量评估中的评估机组选取问题。通过比较不同飞行人员的服役经历、背景及其在最小机组工作量评估中的差异,给出了一套可行的最小机组工作量评估机组的选取原则。