计量用高精度电脑控温仪的研制

高精度电脑控温仪是计量等行业急需的一种仪表,本文介绍了在研制高精度电脑控温仪过程中所解决的主要技术问题.该控温仪采用了单片机技术以及高精度测温、温度预测、与模糊控制理论相结台的特殊PID控制等多个独特的技术措施,在恒温槽上实现了±0.01℃的控制精度.该项目已通过部级鉴定并在生产中应用.     

流量测量所需管流条件的试验研究

速度法测量气体流量,其前提条件是被测面的管流为充分发展、对称分布的典型管流。通过90°弯头管流试验研究分析,得出弯头下游不同距离截面上的管流分布情况,为90°弯头下游选择典型管流的测量位置提供了可靠的依据。     

Optimal assimilation for ionospheric weather – Theoretical aspect

Observation, specification and prediction of ionospheric weather are the key scientific pursuits of space physicists, which largely based on an optimal assimilation system. The optimal assimilation system, or commonly called data assimilation system, consists of dynamic process, observation system and optimal estimation procedure. We attempt to give a complete framework in this paper under which the data assimilation procedure carries through. We discuss some crucial issues of data assimilation as follows: modeling a dynamic system for ionospheric weather; state estimation for static or steady system in sense of optimization and likelihood; state and its uncertainty estimation for dynamic process. Meanwhile we also discuss briefly the observability of an observation system; system parameter identification. Some data assimilation procedures existed at present are reviewed in the framework of this paper. As an example, a second order dynamic system is discussed in more detail to illustrate the specific optimal assimilation procedure, ranging from modeling the system, state and its uncertainty calculation, to the quantitatively integration of dynamic law, measurement to significantly reduce the estimation error. The analysis shows that the optimal assimilation model, with mathematical core of optimal estimation, differs from the theoretical, empirical and semi-empirical models in assimilating measured data, being constrained by physical law and being optimized respectively. The data assimilation technique, due to its optimization and integration feature, could obtain better accurate results than those obtained by dynamic process, measurement or their statistical analysis alone. The model based on optimal assimilation meets well with the criterion of the model or algorithm assessment by ‘space weather metrics’. More attention for optimal assimilation procedure creation should be paid to transition matrix finding, which is usually not easy for practical space weather system. High performance computing hardware and software studies should be promoted further so as to meet the requirement of large storage and extensive computation in the optimal estimation. The discussion in this paper is appropriate for the static or steady state or transition process of dynamic system. Many phenomena in space environment are unstable and chaos. So space environment study should include and integrate these two branches of learning. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

落锤式弯沉仪

介绍了一种目前国际上广泛采用的测量公路强度的设备,对其工作原理及各组成部分作了详细描述。这是一种模拟行车轮载,采用动态力方法评价公路强度的先进设备,其基本原理是:由自由落体的重锤产生一作用于路面的脉冲力;测量路面感受力后产生的向下弯沉值;通过脉冲力与路面弯沉的关系,评价路面的强度。     

数字通信仪器高稳时基日老化率的简单测量方法

介绍了不使用频差倍增器测量数字通信仪器内部高稳时基日老化率的测试方法———频率合成器倍频法和示波器同步法,并给出了日老化率指标的计算公式。测试结果与使用频差倍增器测试结果比较表明,三者的测量结果相当一致,为没有频差倍增器的实验室开展高稳时基日老化率的测试提供了新的思路。同时,此测试方法也可用于高稳时基的频率测量。     

横电磁传输室理论与技术的若干问题

横电磁传输室(TEM cell)由于其全封闭式结构,不会污染环境或影响操作人员的健康,因而比敞开式带状线测试室优越。从内部场分布看,扁结构(矩形截横面)优于方结构(方形横截面)。电磁场数值解法(先求导积分方程然后化为矩阵代数方程)不仅对传统结构有效,而且可用来计算一些可想象的新结构。文中给出了作者针对小型室和中型室进行大量测试得到的实验结果。并据此导出了最高可用频率(UUFL)的经验公式。最后,提出了在今后研究工作中应优先解决的问题。     

平均绝对差图象匹配系统的定位精度

本文证明了两个基本定理。在假定图象信号和附加噪声是相互独立的零均值齐次高斯随机场、且二次可微的条件下,解决了平均绝对差图象匹配系统的定位精度的分析和计算问题。用实例说明了精度分析和计算的方法,分析了影响定位精度的因素和参数。为匹配性能的定量分析提供了理论依据和方法。     

湿度测量及校准方法

介绍了湿度测量和校准方法及其相互关系.强调指出,正确使用饱和盐法、分流法、双温法、双压法湿度发生装置对于保证湿度检测校准至关重要.     

非整数频标自动测量系统

针对 16 .384MHz、5 .0 0 1MHz等非整数频标的测量方法进行了研究 ,介绍了研制的非整数频标自动测量系统的工作原理和技术指标 ,系统的比对准确度σy≤ 3× 10 -12 /s。经技术鉴定和几年的使用 ,该系统可以可靠的进行十多台非整数频标的自动测量。     

用数字电压表检定标准电池的测量不确定度评定

介绍了用数字电压表检定高等级标准电池的操作方法，并对其测量不确定度进行了分析与评定。