旋转状态下涡轮叶片压力面气膜冷却特性

通过1.5级涡轮叶片旋转气膜冷却实验,揭示了整级涡轮叶片在旋转状态下的气膜冷却规律.实验中,主流雷诺数为8×104,旋转数分别为2.092,2.324和2.448,吹风比从0.3到3.0变化,冷却工质分别采用空气和二氧化碳,对应射流主流密度比分别为1.03和1.57.叶片表面喷有宽幅液晶,通过高精度CCD相机得到表面温度场.结果表明:压力面上,气膜冷却效率随吹风比的增大而升高,随旋转数的增大而降低;气膜轨迹向高半径方向偏转,偏转程度随旋转数的增大而加剧;提高射流主流密度比,有利于提高冷却效率.     

液氧／甲烷燃气发生器点火方案研究

在对比化学点火、火药点火及电火花点火优缺点的基础上,选取了技术成熟、点火可靠的火药点火用于液氧／甲烷燃气发生器热试。用黑火药点燃固体推进剂的点火药量计算公式估算了火药点火药量,给出了液氧／甲烷燃气发生器火药点火器的其它参数。根据液氧／甲烷推进剂特点,确定了火药燃气-液氧-甲烷依次进入燃气发生器的点火时序。成功进行了4次液氧／甲烷燃气发生器热试,结果表明：液氧／甲烷燃气发生器点火起动过程平稳,点火品质较好,点火方案合理,适于较宽工作条件下的液氧／甲烷点火。     

Review of state of the art in smart rotor control research for wind turbines

This article presents a review of the state of the art and present status of active aeroelastic rotor control research for wind turbines. Using advanced control concepts to reduce loads on the rotor can offer great reduction to the total cost of wind turbines. With the increasing size of wind turbine blades, the need for more sophisticated load control techniques has induced the interest for locally distributed aerodynamic control systems with build-in intelligence on the blades. Such concepts are often named in popular terms ‘smart structures’ or ‘smart rotor control’. The review covers the full span of the subject, starting from the need for more advanced control systems emerging from the operating conditions of modern wind turbines and current load reduction control capabilities. An overview of available knowledge and up-to date progress in application of active aerodynamic control is provided, starting from concepts, methods and achieved results in aerospace and helicopter research. Moreover, a thorough analysis on different concepts for smart rotor control applications for wind turbines is performed, evaluating available options for aerodynamic control surfaces, actuators (including smart materials), sensors and control techniques. Next, feasibility studies for wind turbine applications, preliminary performance evaluation and novel computational and experimental research approaches are reviewed. The potential of load reduction using smart rotor control concepts is shown and key issues are discussed. Finally, existing knowledge and future requirements on modeling issues of smart wind turbine rotors are discussed. This study provides an overview of smart rotor control for wind turbines, discusses feasibility of future implementation, quantifies key parameters and shows the challenges associated with such an approach.     

带锥形扩张支孔射流气膜冷却效率数值模拟

 为了探讨由圆柱孔和锥形支孔组成的双出口孔射流气膜冷却特性,利用商业软件对气膜冷却下的流场和温度场进行三维数值模拟。主流雷诺数为10 000,吹风比变化范围为0.5~2.0。计算得到了冷却效率云图、冷却效率径向平均值以及近壁面处流场和温度场分布。研究结果表明,圆柱形孔射流的冷却效率数值模拟结果和实验数据吻合得非常好,双出口孔射流的冷却效率相对于圆柱形孔射流的冷却效率明显提高,径向分布非常均匀。双出口孔射流的流动结构和单圆柱孔射流的流动结构明显不同。随着吹风比的增加,冷却效率增大。基于冷却效率的最佳吹风比为1.5。     

小型涡扇发动机涡轮气动设计研究

针对小型发动机任务及涡轮部件的工作环境,详细分析了小型发动机涡轮部件内部流动特点,探讨了小型发动机涡轮的气动设计思路和方法,并在此基础上完成了某1 000 daN推力量级的小型涡扇发动机高/低压涡轮部件的气动方案设计,三维黏性数值模拟结果表明,所设计的高/低压涡轮均达到了发动机总体方案的要求且具有较高的气动效率.      

涡轮叶片外换热计算程序对比研究

对两种涡轮叶片外换热计算程序STAN 5和S1ICH的数值方法进行了比较.采用STAN5和S1ICH程序完成了VKI(Von Karman Institute)高压涡轮导叶和动叶叶栅的外传热系数计算,并将计算结果与试验数据进行了对比.结果表明,S1ICH预估的转捩位置、外传热系数的精度较高,同时S1ICH具有适应性广,收敛性好,准备初始参数方便的特点,满足工程设计计算的要求.      

旋转状态涡轮叶片吸力面单孔气膜冷却实验

采用稳态液晶测温方法,系统研究了1.5级涡轮叶片吸力面在旋转状态下的气膜冷却特性.实验中,主流经加热压缩后冲击涡轮转动,基于动叶弦长的涡轮进口主流雷诺数为8×104.射流分别采用空气和二氧化碳,其对应射流-主流密度比分别为1.03和1.57.实验转速为630,700 r/min和737 r/min,对应旋转数分别为2.092,2.324和2.448.吹风比从0.3到3.0变化.结果表明,吸力面上,气膜冷却效率随吹风比的增大先上升后下降,存在一个最佳吹风比,使冷却效果最好;增大密度比有利于增加气膜覆盖面积;旋转降低了气膜冷却效率;气膜向低半径方向偏转,但并不十分明显.      

Experimental investigation of aerodynamics of turbine blade trailing edge cooling

This paper presented an experimental investigation the effects of the trailing edge cooling on the aerodynamic performance. The experiments were conducted on the low-speed linear cascade tunnel at Northwestern Polytechnical University. The external aerodynamic characteristics in the 40 percent chord downstream of exit plane were measured using five-hole probe with the different ejection rates. The results showed that the total pressure loss coefficient at the middle spanwise plane increased at first and then it has a decreasing tendency with the increase of ejection ratio. The trailing edge cooling would influence the structure of the turbine cascade outlet flow field. When the ejection rate was 3%,the loss area near the blade endwall would become stronger,but it would become weaker with the 6% ejection ratio. On the whole,the trailing edge cooling had more influence on the profile loss than on the secondary loss.      

氢/氧气-气燃烧与气-液燃烧特性对比研究

对氢/氧气-气和气-液同轴剪切式单喷注器进行了燃烧流动的仿真研究.采用带化学反应的湍流Navier-Stokes方程和颗粒轨道模型描述发动机内部喷雾两相燃烧流动过程,气相化学反应速率都由Ar-rhenius公式计算.对典型气-气燃烧和气-液燃烧仿真结果进行了比较,结果表明气-气燃烧完成长度相对气-液燃烧更长;并进行了同轴喷注器关键参数对两种燃烧流场的影响的仿真和分析比较,得到喷注流量和动量比均为影响两类型喷注器燃烧流场的关键因素,且这两因素对燃烧完成长度的影响趋势是完全相同的,而喷注速度对两类型喷注器燃烧流场影响程度都较小.      

某变循环发动机超声涡轮设计与分析

应用相似理论原理,为某变循环发动机在高、低涵道比两种工作模式下设计了高膨胀比、大焓降超声高压涡轮,叶片造型采用S₁流面三维造型法实现.通过三维数值模拟对设计涡轮在以上两种工作模式下进行了验算,应用Spalart-Allmaras一方程湍流模型求解雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程,并引入Abu-Ghanam Shaw转捩模型描述叶片表面边界层发展过程.数值模拟结果表明,涡轮在两种工作模式下等熵效率分别达到92.79%和92.31%,优于设计预期;三维造型法考虑了S1流面的物理特征,是一种精确而有效的叶片造型方法.