Negative VTEC with spherical harmonic expansion model under different solar activity conditions

The Earth’s ionosphere can be described by a spherical harmonic (SH) expansion up to a specific degree. However, there exist negative vertical total electron content (VTEC) values in the global ionosphere map (GIM) with the SH expansion model. In this contribution, we specifically investigated the negative VTEC values that are induced by the SH expansion model and validated the performance of the inequality-constrained least squares (ICLS) method in eliminating the negative VTEC values. The GPS data from 2004 to 2017 was selected to cover one solar cycle and the experiments under different solar activity conditions were analyzed. The results in our work show that the occurrence of the negative VTEC values is attributed to the deficiency of the SH expansion model when the VTEC itself is small instead of the unevenly distribution of the GNSS stations. The negative VTEC values appear periodically in the temporal domain, showing apparently one year and half year periods. During one year, two peaks in June and December can be observed in the time series of the negative VTEC values. The number of negative VTEC values in June is obvious larger than that in December. During one solar cycle, the number of negative VTEC values under quiet solar activity condition is obvious larger than that under strong solar activity condition. In the spatial domain, the appearance of the negative VTEC values is strongly related with the movement of the subsolar point. In the latitude of the subsolar point has the largest magnitude, the negative values will appear on the opposite hemisphere and the further from the subsolar point the more negative values. The maximum number of the negative VTEC values in the southern hemisphere appears in June, while the peak value in the northern hemisphere appears in December. The maximum number of negative VTEC values in the southern hemisphere is generally larger than that in the northern hemisphere. In addition, the negative VTEC values are distributed both at middle latitude and high latitude in the southern hemisphere, while they are mainly distributed at high latitude in the northern hemisphere. When the ICLS method is used, the negative VTEC values can be eliminated efficiently and it has nearly no influence on the positive VTEC values. The ICLS method can also improve the receiver’s differential code bias (DCB) and significantly decrease the unreasonable negative slant TEC (STEC) values along the lines of sight. Using the final GIM product of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPLG) as a reference, the root mean square (RMS) of the ICLS solution shows maximum 25%, 20% and 45% improvement relative to the least squares (LS) solution at northern high latitude, southern middle latitude and southern high latitude, respectively.     

面向持续适航工程数据的大数据采集和处理技术初探

国产某型飞机在持续适航阶段开展事件收集、风险评估、工程调查和措施制定等工作时,需要机型资料、机队信息、运营记录、事故事件、局方信息等工程数据提供输入、参考以及辅助分析。研究了持续适航工程数据与大数据之间的关系,初步规划了面向持续适航工程数据的大数据系统架构,并通过以下自动化方式实现了相关数据的采集与处理,形成了持续适航工程数据库:首先利用网络爬虫数据采集技术实时准确地获取一些国内外公开数据;其次应用VBA语言对已获得数据进行整理与自定义处理;最后基于大数据的映射分析方法对这些工程数据进行分析。该持续适航工程数据库已有效应用于某型国产飞机持续适航体系的日常运行工作。     

顾及动态物体感知的增强型视觉SLAM系统

传统的同步定位与制图（Simultaneous localization and mapping, SLAM）系统在复杂环境下工作时，无法分辨环境中的物体是否存在运动状态，图像中运动的物体可能导致特征关联错误，引起定位的不准确和地图构建的偏差。为了提高SLAM系统在动态环境下的鲁棒性和可靠性，本文提出了一种顾及动态物体感知的增强型视觉SLAM系统。首先，使用深度学习网络对每一帧图像的动态物体进行初始检测，然后使用多视图几何方法更加精细地判断目标检测无法确定的动态物体区域。通过剔除属于动态物体上的特征跟踪点，提高系统的鲁棒性。本文方法在公共数据集TUM和KITTI上进行了测试，结果表明在动态场景中定位结果的准确度有了明显提升，尤其在高动态序列中相对于原始算法的精度提升在92%以上。与其他顾及动态场景的SLAM系统相比，本文方法在保持精度优势的同时，提高了运行结果的稳定性和时间效率。     

作战效能评估研究的可视化分析

以CNKI数据库为数据源,选取1 200余篇作战效能评估研究领域的文献为对象,采用文献计量与科学知识图谱技术,进行分析和对比,并绘制该领域研究的可视化图谱。通过图谱分析,梳理该研究领域的演进历程,探讨该领域的研究热点和前沿,以提高对该领域的理解和认知,为该领域的研究提供重要参考。     

基于等距Ease-off曲面的轮齿啮合仿真分析

提出了一种基于Ease-off曲面等距变换的轮齿啮合仿真分析方法. 利用曲面曲挠参数，给出了2阶密切曲面的定义及其拓扑方法；在2阶微分精度范围内，密切曲面与原曲面贴近，可以代替散曲面做几何解析. 利用空间坐标变换，建立了弧齿锥齿轮加工的啮合方程和通用产成模型. 基于啮合等距对应原理，求解齿面对应点的离差；利用最小二乘法，拓扑散曲面，构建Ease-off差齿面的2阶密切曲面. 基于Ease-off密切曲面参数，利用齿面接触的等距线、渐近方向，解析出齿面接触位形、接触路径、传动误差等啮合性能参数. 分析结果表明:一次性构建Ease-off的2阶密切曲面，能够获得轮齿完备的啮合信息，曲面拓扑精度可到达0.1μm；与现行的啮合仿真方法相比易于齿面反求、数值计算，啮合信息的获得也更为便捷.      

低速轴流压气机旋转失速边界的模型描述

从低速轴流压气机完整旋转失速过程所具有的突变性和迟滞性等典型动力学特征出发，通过对其拓扑性质的对比分析，证明压气机旋转失速与突变理论尖点突变模型在拓扑结构上具有相似性；以拓扑不变性定理为基础，通过发展有效的拓扑映射方法，建立了尖点突变模型的突变点集与压气机旋转失速突变点集之间的拓扑映射关系.在两台低速轴流压气机上的模型实际应用效果表明:尖点突变模型能够定性地描述具有突变型失速特点的低速压气机不同转速工况下完整旋转失速过程的突变性、迟滞性以及分岔特性，通过该发展的拓扑映射方法，可以将实验获取的失速点和恢复点完全映射到模型线上，这表明尖点突变模型能较为准确地描述旋转失速的失速边界.      

POBI interpolation algorithm for CYGNSS near real time flood detection research: A case study of extreme precipitation events in Henan,China in 2021

In late 2016, NASA launched the first constellation of the global navigation satellite system reflectometry (GNSS-R) small satellites called the Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS). The stable data quality and continuous free availability of CYGNSS scientific data provided a new method for flood monitoring. However, owing to the pseudorandom distribution of CYGNSS data, researchers must always choose between high temporal resolution and high spatial resolution during the performance of flood monitoring based on CYGNSS data. For floods caused by extreme precipitation with sudden and short durations, the current flood mapping based on CYGNSS data cannot be updated in near real time. However, the near real time update of the flood distribution range is meaningful for postdisaster emergency response and rapid rescue. This study aimed to address this problem using a newly proposed spatial interpolation method based on previously observed behaviour (POBI). First, a method for calculating the surface reflectivity of the CYGNSS was introduced, followed by the principle of the POBI spatial interpolation method. The applicability of the POBI method in Henan Province, China, was then analysed, and by using the flood in Henan Province, China, in July 2021 as an example, the feasibility of CYGNSS near real time flood mapping based on the POBI method was evaluated. Based on the results, near real time and 3 km flood distribution monitoring results can be obtained using the proposed new method. The results were evaluated using MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) images and compared with the observations of SMAP (Soil Moisture Active Passive) and GPM (Global Precipitation Measurement) in the same period. The results show that the flooded areas obtained by CYGNSS correspond to the inundated areas in MODIS images and are also in high agreement with the SMAP. In addition, CYGNSS allows for finer mapping and quantification of inundation areas and flood duration. Moreover, we also discussed the potential of CYGNSS to detect floods in shorter periods of time (a few hours) and did a preliminary evaluation using precipitation data from meteorological stations. The results are also highly consistent.