血药浓度在位检测仪的光路设计

介绍了血药浓度在位检测仪的光路设计，重点阐述发如何降低光能的损耗。该仪器利用Ｙ型光纤束把紫外光照射到血液中的药物上，再把药物发出的荧光收集并送到检测器，其信号供计算机实时采集。     

压强场非接触测量新建议

掺有碘分子的流动流体,在激光的作用下会产生感应的荧光发射,激光感应的碘分子荧光包含有压强的信息,采用成像法,得到的是压强场在一个平面上的分布,因而这一测量是多点测量。作者测量了压强对激光感应的碘分子荧光的影响,去除喇曼散射引起的散射峰,提出了直接利用激光感应的荧光测量流动流体的压强场的非接触测量新方法,还探讨了这一方法的理论和实验方案。     

贫燃预混旋流火焰PIV和OH-PLIF瞬态同步测量

为了研究贫燃预混旋流火焰流场与火焰结构特性,设计了强受限预混旋流燃烧器,搭建了PIV(粒子图像测速)和OH-PLIF(平面激光诱导荧光)瞬态同步测量系统。针对典型贫燃工况开展了瞬态同步测量研究,获得了多个截面的瞬态和时均流场速度和OH分布信息。研究表明:低当量比不稳定燃烧工况下,伴随着角涡回火现象,燃烧室底部角落存在明显火焰反应区;由于旋流拉扯效应导致OH分布结构边缘产生褶皱,并出现多个OH“孤岛”;旋流火焰外沿位于喷嘴射流的内侧剪切层;增加当量比,火焰流场结构与反应区分布与低当量比类似,但燃烧更稳定,火焰高度有所增加;内部回流区的经典双涡结构分裂为多个旋涡,存在旋涡进动、破碎的现象。     

受限空间预混钝体稳定与抬升火焰激光诊断

在受限空间预混钝体燃烧器中,利用OH-PLIF （平面激光诱导荧光）、PIV （粒子图像测速）和瑞利散射测温技术实验研究了火焰结构、流场和温度场之间的相互影响关系。对比分析了贫燃稳定与富燃抬升状态下甲烷/空气预混火焰的燃烧场特性。实验结果表明：火焰结构、流场和温度场分布之间均存在直接联系。贫燃（当量比为0.8）火焰钝体上方为膨胀的高温低速回流区,利于火焰维持稳定;富燃（当量比为1.2）火焰倾向在受限空间出口与外界空气卷吸后着火,其钝体上方为类似冷态的低速低温回流区,无法点燃混合气,因而形成抬升火焰。分析各场局部分布信息获得火焰场间相互依赖规律：钝体火焰中,高温和低速对应已燃区,低温和高速对应未燃区。     

Effects of mineral nutrition conditions on heat tolerance of chufa (Сyperus esculentus L.) plant communities to super optimal air temperatures in the BTLSS

The use of mineralized human wastes as a basis for nutrient solutions will increase the degree of material closure of bio-technical human life support systems. As stress tolerance of plants is determined, among other factors, by the conditions under which they have been grown before exposure to a stressor, the purpose of the study is to investigate the level of tolerance of chufa (Cyperus esculentus L.) plant communities grown in solutions based on mineralized human wastes to a damaging air temperature, 45 °C. Experiments were performed with 30-day-old chufa plant communities grown hydroponically, on expanded clay aggregate, under artificial light, at 690 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ PAR and at a temperature of 25 °C. Plants were grown in Knop’s solution and solutions based on human wastes mineralized according to Yu.A. Kudenko’s method, which contained nitrogen either as ammonium and urea or as nitrates. The heat shock treatment lasted 20 h at 690 and 1150 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ PAR. Chufa heat tolerance was evaluated based on parameters of CO₂ gas exchange, the state of its photosynthetic apparatus (PSA), and intensity of peroxidation of leaf lipids. Chufa plants grown in the solutions based on mineralized human wastes that contained ammonium and urea had lower heat tolerance than plants grown in standard mineral solutions. Heat tolerance of the plants grown in the solutions based on mineralized human wastes that mainly contained nitrate nitrogen was insignificantly different from the heat tolerance of the plants grown in standard mineral solutions. A PAR intensity increase from 690 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ to 1150 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ enhanced heat tolerance of chufa plant communities, irrespective of the conditions of mineral nutrition under which they had been grown.     

水相合成CdSe量子点用于荧光标记的光谱研究

生物素-亲和素系统（BAS）已成为目前广泛用于微量抗原、抗体定性、定量检测及定位观察研究的新技术。采用水相合成的CdSe纳米粒子标记生物分子亲合素,用荧光分光光度法研究了亲合素与量子点的结合作用,结果表明标记了亲合素的量子点发光强度高于单一的CdSe量子点,光谱峰位置稍微有所红移。通过改变体系的pH值,亲合素的浓度及荧光显微成像等手段,发现光谱的变化确实是由量子点和亲合素的结合作用所引起的,证明CdSe可以很好的用于生物标记。     

基于PLIF技术的气氧/气甲烷同轴剪切喷嘴试验

以数值仿真的结果作为参考,开展了基于PLIF(平面激光诱导荧光)技术、高速摄影技术等非接触光学燃烧诊断技术的气氧/气甲烷同轴剪切喷嘴试验研究。通过联合光学诊断对不同设计工况的燃烧流场进行诊断测量,获得燃烧室内OH分布,燃烧流场发展演化过程、火焰的结构等信息,对燃烧流场进行详细的分析。研究结果表明:气氧/气甲烷剪切燃烧火焰存在明显的剪切燃烧层,且随着轴向距离的增加,火焰逐渐失稳;随燃氧速度比的增加,流场涡旋作用明显加强,火焰根部稳定段变短,瞬时火焰结构卷曲和褶皱增多;仿真计算的OH分布与试验测得的OH分布相似,仿真模型能够合理预测气氧/气甲烷同轴剪切喷嘴的燃烧流场。      

CMP加工过程中加工载荷对液膜厚度的影响分析

本文采用激光诱导荧光技术(LIF)来研究抛光参数对化学机械抛光加工区液膜厚度的影响.研究表明,抛光液膜厚度随着抛光载荷的增加而减少,减小的趋势随抛光载荷的提高而减缓.同时液膜厚度随着抛光速度的增加而变大.通过抛光参数的变化对抛光液液膜厚度影响的分析,为改善CMP加工工艺提供理论性的依据.     

An icy mineralogy package (IMP) for in-situ studies of Titan’s surface

We describe the scientific case for and preliminary design of an instrument whose primary goal is to determine the chemistry (element abundance) and mineralogy (compound identity and abundance) of Titan’s surface using a combination of energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDXRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). XRD is capable of identifying any crystalline substance present on Titan’s surface at relative abundances greater than ∼1 wt%, allowing unambiguous identification of, for example, structure I and II clathrates (even in the presence of ice), and various organic solids, which may include C₂H₂, C₂H₄, C₄H₂, HCN, CH₃CN, HC₃N, and C₄N₂). The XRF component of the instrument will obtain elemental abundances for 16 < Z < 60 with minimum detection limits better than 10 ppm (including detection of atmospheric noble gas isotopes), and may achieve detection limits of 0.01–1% for lighter elements down to Z = 6 (carbon). The instrument is well suited to integration with other analytical tools as part of a light-weight surface chemistry and mineralogy package. Although considerably less sensitive to elemental abundance than GC–MS (10⁻² vs. 10⁻⁸) it is likely to be significantly lighter (<0.5 kg vs. 10 kg).     

欠膨胀自由射流密度场的丙酮平面激光诱导荧光显示与测量

介绍了利用丙酮平面激光诱导荧光(PLIF)技术测量自由射流密度场的原理,并对两种射流总压下含有丙酮蒸气示踪剂的欠膨胀自由射流的密度场结构进行了显示.所得图像直观地显示了射流的桶状激波和马赫盘等特征信息,从中可以看出射流欠膨胀度主要影响马赫盘以前的流场,射流欠膨胀度越高,则射流直径越大,马赫盘越远离喷口,桶状激波越向外凸出.为检验丙酮PLIF技术测量密度场的精度,对实验流场进行了数值仿真.仿真所得到的密度场结构以及沿射流轴线的归一化密度变化曲线与实验得到的相应结果符合较好.