地效飞行器双断阶机腹着水砰击过载分析

地效飞行器着水过程中，断阶着水产生的冲击易导致结构表面屈曲或破坏。基于ALE 有限元法，通过罚函数法处理两相界面流固耦合问题，对地效飞行器着水过程进行数值模拟，分析不同前飞速度、下沉速度、俯仰角等参数变化对浸水深度、砰击过载等的影响。结果表明：在研究工况下，机体着水产生的压力峰值均出现在断阶处；随着俯仰角增加水平过载峰值减小，垂向过载峰值先增大后减小，俯仰角为7°时垂向过载峰值最大，是最低过载峰值（俯仰角为15°时）的1.4 倍；前飞速度增加致使水平过载峰值增大，而对垂向过载峰值影响不明显，但垂向过载峰值与垂向速度的平方近似呈线性关系，下沉速度越大，砰击过载峰值越大。     

螺旋桨飞机近地飞行时的横航向稳定性

根据算例飞机数据，分析了地面效应和螺旋桨滑流对飞机横航向静稳定性的影响。结果表明，无论是否存在地面效应，螺旋桨滑流都将使飞机的航向静稳定性和横向静稳定性变差；同时，无论是否存在螺旋桨滑流，地面效应都将使飞机的横向静稳定性增强，航向静稳定性变差。此外，计算了不同飞行条件下的飞机横航向模态特性，分析了地面效应和螺旋桨滑流对飞机横航向动稳定性的影响。结果表明：无论是否存在地面效应，螺旋桨滑流都将增强滚转模态及荷兰滚模态的稳定性，并同时降低螺旋模态的稳定性；而无论是否存在螺旋桨滑流，地面效应总体上也都将使飞机的横航向动稳定性增强。     

类火星环境中火箭起降过程喷流影响研究

采用尺度自适应模拟（Scale Adaptive Simulation, SAS）方法对火箭在起降过程中喷流的地面效应进行了数值研究，对比分析了在海平面和类火星环境下的喷流冲击倾斜地面和水平地面时的流场结构以及喷管的侧向载荷。在海平面环境下，喷管内部出现流动分离，喷管内壁压力先减小，在分离点处压力达到最低点，然后压力增加至环境压力。喷流冲击倾斜地面时具有更强烈的流动不稳定性，喷流出现明显的时间演化现象。在类火星环境下，喷管内部不发生流动分离，内壁的压力沿着流向逐渐减小。喷流冲击倾斜地面时，在喷管出口的外侧形成了上下移动的马赫盘；喷流冲击水平地面时，喷流和地面反弹气流相互作用，阻碍了马赫盘的形成。研究结果还表明在类火星环境和海平面环境下，喷流冲击倾斜地面时喷管内壁温度均上升。研究结果将为火箭回收和火星着陆的方案选取提供参考。     

基于改进ORB的月面着陆视觉导航的配准方法

月球探测器在下降着陆过程中探测到的月面图像灰度均匀,缺少纹理信息,而视觉辅助导航采用传统ORB算法对灰度均匀的月面图像检测出的特征点数量较少,容易出现团簇现象,因此提出一种基于改进ORB算法的图像特征提取与匹配算法。首先对月面图像构建金字塔尺度空间模型,设置自适应阈值并构建掩膜逐一分块检测特征点;然后采用非极大值抑制使特征点分布均匀,消除聚集现象再进行特征匹配;最后结合渐进一致采样算法剔除误匹配,并计算下降序列图像间的位置变换关系。实验结果表明:该方法对于存在大尺度、旋转变化情况下的月面图像,在匹配精度方面比ORB提高10%～13%,在月面着陆视觉导航应用方面具有较好的适用性。     

Pre-locate net for object detection in high-resolution images

Small-object detection has long been a challenge. High-megapixel cameras are used to solve this problem in industries. However, current detectors are inefficient for high-resolution images. In this work, we propose a new module called Pre-Locate Net, which is a plug-and-play structure that can be combined with most popular detectors. We inspire the use of classification ideas to obtain candidate regions in images, greatly reducing the amount of calculation, and thus achieving rapid detection in high-resolution images. Pre-Locate Net mainly includes two parts, candidate region classification and behavior classification. Candidate region classification is used to obtain a candidate region, and behavior classification is used to estimate the scale of an object. Different follow-up processing is adopted according to different scales to balance the variance of the network input. Different from the popular candidate region generation method, we abandon the idea of regression of a bounding box and adopt the concept of classification, so as to realize the prediction of a candidate region in the shallow network. We build a high-resolution dataset of aircraft and landing gears covering complex scenes to verify the effectiveness of our method. Compared to state-of-the-art detectors (e.g., Guided Anchoring, Libra-RCNN, and FASF), our method achieves the best mAP of 94.5 on 1920 × 1080 images at 16.7 FPS.     

基于VR-Forces的舰载机起飞与降落仿真

VR-Forces是当前较为成熟的计算机生成兵力仿真平台,使用该平台可实现舰载机在航空母舰上起飞和降落仿真。在该仿真平台中舰载机起飞和降落的主要原理的基础上,阐述了舰载机搭载(卸载)组件和航空母舰占用引导控制组件的功能、类继承关系和配置方法,分析了舰载机起飞降落过程中的仿真流程。通过测试想定实现了F/A-18舰载机滑行、起飞、降落、停靠整个流程。研究成果对基于VR-Forces的作战仿真和开发类似系统有一定的技术参考价值。     

基于局部应力-应变法的飞机起落架车架寿命分析

起落架是飞机结构中的重要组成部分,是飞机的主要承力构件,其工作性能直接影响飞机的起飞性能、着陆性能和安全。首次翻修寿命是一个非常重要的安全参数,而飞机起落架车架是决定起落架翻修寿命的关键构件。本文应用局部应力-应变法的原理,研究在循环载荷条件下某起落架的疲劳(裂纹形成)寿命,并对其裂纹形成寿命和出现裂纹后的剩余强度进行了估算,进而从疲劳断裂方面提出了延长该主起落架首次翻修寿命的理论依据。     

The effect of a rocky terrain for CubeSat landing on asteroid surfaces

The paper describes a general modelling procedure to build a simulation tool to investigate contact motion of a CubeSat on an asteroid surface. We investigate landing performance and landing success for the case of elastic rocky terrain and flat surfaces. As a case study, we focus on the disposal of ESA’s Hera Milani CubeSat by landing on the moon of Didymos binary asteroid system. The simulation environment includes the modelling of real shape and 6-DOF motion of the lander, the shape-based gravity models of Didymos and Dimorphos and rocks on surface, that are generated as physical obstacles. Trends and estimates on the performance of the landing phase and the most relevant effects on the outcome of the soil interaction process, are inferred. The statistical results on settling time, dispersion area and motion characteristics, such as number of bounces, show and quantify the effect of rocks on a successful passive and permanent landing.     

Optimal crater landmark selection based on optical navigation performance factors for planetary landing

Planetary craters are natural navigation landmarks that widely exist and are easily observed. Optical navigation based on crater landmarks has become an important autonomous navigation method for planetary landing. Due to the increase in observed crater landmarks and the limitation of onboard computation, the selection of good crater landmarks has gradually become a research hotspot in the field of landmark-based optical navigation. This paper designs a fast crater landmark selection method, which not only considers the configuration observability of crater subsets but also focuses on the influence on navigation performance arising from the measurement uncertainty and the matching confidence of craters, which is different from other landmark selection methods. The factor of measurement uncertainty, which is anisotropic, correlated and nonidentically distributed, is quantified and integrated into selection based on crater pairing detection and localization error evaluation. In addition, the concept of the crater matching confidence factor is introduced, which reflects the possibility of 2D projection measurements corresponding to 3D positions. Combined with the configuration observability factor, the crater landmark selection indicator is formed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by Monte Carlo simulations.     

月表陨坑检测轻量化深度学习方法

针对目前基于深度学习的陨坑检测方法存在的模型参数量大和检测速度慢的问题，提出了一种轻量化的深度学习陨坑检测方法。首先，采用通道剪枝方法删减卷积神经网络中冗余的卷积核，得到结构紧凑高效的陨坑检测模型。然后，使用轻量化的深度可分离卷积操作替换基础陨坑检测模型中的标准卷积操作，进一步降低了模型的复杂度。仿真实验结果表明，所提出的轻量化陨坑检测模型能够保证较高的像素预测精度，并且能够适应亮度、图像噪声等干扰因素的影响。同时，与轻量化处理前的模型相比，参数量减少了99.2%，检测速度提升了94%。