红外灯阵热流密度不均匀度测量方法的探讨

利用红外灯阵模拟空间外热流前,需对灯阵的热流密度不均匀度进行测试.文章通过实验证实利用硅光电池进行红外灯阵热流密度不均匀度测量是可行的,且负载电阻应尽量小,一般为1Ω.文章还对不均匀度的评价指标进行了分析,建议在使用δ作为不均匀度评价指标的同时,增加一个相对标准差指标δσ,并建议其应小于2.5﹪.     

嵌入式红外视频数字录像机的设计与实现

设计并实现了嵌入式红外视频数字录像机.它基于PC/104Plus体系结构,实现了PCI数据传输,在FPGA(Field-Programmable Gate Array)的控制下、使用2个存储单元轮换存储方式硬件化地实现了红外视频采集与数据传输、红外视频播放与数据传输的并行操作.该录像机人机界面友好,文件管理完善.      

金属泡沫材料力学行为的研究概述

对金属泡沫材料力学行为的研究文献进行了简要综述,重点介绍了最近几年该领域研究工作的进展,其中也包括国内学者在该领域的一些工作.这些工作主要讨论了金属泡沫材料的拉伸、压缩、能量吸收、动态冲击、失效准则、本构关系、蠕变、疲劳和断裂等力学性能.最后,给出了对该领域工作的一些展望.      

空间红外遥感器定标机构故障应急退出装置

针对空间红外遥感器定标机构故障模式,首次设计了一种基于记忆合金的应急退出装置,以解决因电机或控制电路故障而导致的整个成像系统失效问题。该应急退出装置通过对记忆合金棒进行加热,使其受热收缩,从而驱动齿轮传动系统脱离啮合状态,完成机构复位运动。为验证该应急退出装置的功能和性能,利用研制产品进行了真空、大气环境等多种状态下的应急退出试验。结果表明:在大气和真空环境中,该装置能实现多种状态下的可靠退出功能;在28 V额定直流工作电压下,应急退出总时间可达145～152 s。该机构具有实现简便、可靠性高、退出速度快等优点,在空间机构的故障应急方面具有较大的工程应用潜力。     

Zn-5Al-xMn(x=0，0.1，0.2，0.3)合金的铸态组织与耐蚀性能

采用SEM、EDS、电化学测试等方法研究了热浸镀用Zn-5Al-xMn(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3)合金的铸态组织与耐蚀性能。结果表明:在Zn-5Al合金中加入少量的Mn显著抑制了粗大初生β-Zn相的生成,当Mn含量为0.2%时,初生β-Zn相最少,共晶组织占比最高。试验合金的自腐蚀电位随着Mn含量的提高而增大,自腐蚀电流密度先减小后增大。Zn-5Al-0.2Mn合金自腐蚀电流最小为1.403μA/cm~2,其高频阻抗和低频扩散阻抗均最大。Zn-5Al合金中初生β-Zn相优先腐蚀,Zn-5Al-0.2Mn合金因初生β-Zn相较少,发生均匀性腐蚀,其腐蚀产物在Zn-5Al-xMn合金中最致密。     

火箭发动机出口参数对喷焰流动及辐射的影响

基于详细化学反应机理+逐线积分法+视在光线法开展了火箭发动机喷焰流动与辐射特性研究,分析了不同化学反应机理对流动与辐射的影响,利用地面试验数据校验了模型的正确性,并详细分析了火箭发动机出口参数变化对喷焰流动及辐射的影响规律。研究结果表明:喷管出口温度增加,对流场结构影响较小,但会显著提升喷焰的复燃效应;喷管出口压强增加,会对流场马赫波系结构产生影响,但对喷焰二次燃烧影响较小;喷焰红外辐射强度会随着出口温度或出口压强的升高而增加,且红外辐射强度与出口推力正相关。      

Magnetospheric and ionospheric manifestations of interplanetary foreshocks

The geometry of a typical interplanetary shock front in the vicinity of the Earth’s orbit predicts that the leading edge of the foreshock region comes into contact with the magnetosphere a few hours ahead of geomagnetic sudden impulses (SI). There is reason to believe that the interaction of the magnetosphere with the foreshock leads to magnetic and ionospheric disturbances, which can be detected by ground-based instruments. We searched for specific precursors of SIs in data from the Scandinavian riometer network and in the short period geomagnetic pulsation data from mid-latitude magnetometers. We found that SIs were preceded by the following three features: (1) an increase in riometric absorption, (2) excitation of Pcl magnetic pulsations and (3) a spectral broadening of the Pc3 magnetic pulsations. Our observations may be useful for the study of acceleration processes in the solar wind. These observations are also of potential forecasting interest.     

Triton, Pluto, Centaurs, and Trans-Neptunian Bodies

The diverse populations of icy bodies of the outer Solar System (OSS) give critical information on the composition and structure of the solar nebula and the early phases of planet formation. The two principal repositories of icy bodies are the Kuiper belt or disk, and the Oort Cloud, both of which are the source regions of the comets. Nearly 1000 individual Kuiper belt objects have been discovered; their dynamical distribution is a clue to the early outward migration and gravitational scattering power of Neptune. Pluto is perhaps the largest Kuiper belt object. Pluto is distinguished by its large satellite, a variable atmosphere, and a surface composed of several ices and probable organic solid materials that give it color. Triton is probably a former member of the Kuiper belt population, suggested by its retrograde orbit as a satellite of Neptune. Like Pluto, Triton has a variable atmosphere, compositionally diverse icy surface, and an organic atmospheric haze. Centaur objects appear to come from the Kuiper belt and occupy temporary orbits in the planetary zone; the compositional similarity of one well studied Centaur (5145 Pholus) to comets is notable. New discoveries continue apace, as observational surveys reveal new objects and refined observing techniques yield more physical information about specific bodies.     

Pre-Main Sequence Stars Seen by ISO

Observations of pre-main sequence objects (T Tauri, Herbig Ae/Be and FU Orionis stars) obtained with the instrumentation on board the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) are reviewed. All the observations have been mainly carried out by using the two spectrographs SWS and LWS, adopting their low resolution modes and such data have been used both for lines detection and to reconstruct the spectral energy distributions. Line emission and photometric behaviour of pre-main sequence objects have been analyzed in the framework of the current models, discussing the agreement (or disagreement) with them and trying to derive the questions which should be answered by the forthcoming FIR instrumentation. Based on observations with ISO, an ESA project with instruments funded by ESA Member States (especially the PI countries: France, Germany, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom), and with the participation of ISAS and NASA.     

The Cool Interstellar Medium

Infrared spectroscopy and photometry with ISO covering most of the emission range of the interstellar medium has led to important progress in the understanding of the physics and chemistry of the gas, the nature and evolution of the dust grains and also the coupling between the gas and the grains. We review here the ISO results on the cool and low-excitation regions of the interstellar medium, where T _gas≲ 500 K, n _H∼ 100–10⁵ cm⁻³ and the electron density is a few 10⁻⁴. JEL codes: D24, L60, 047 Based on observations with ISO, an ESA project with instruments funded by ESA Member States (especially the PI countries: France, Germany, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom), and with the participation of ISAS and NASA.