基于Simulink的直接序列扩频通信系统的仿真

卫星通信系统测试扩频信号源需具备自检功能。文章利用MATLAB的可视化工具箱Simulink建立了直扩通信系统的仿真模型,为扩频信号源自检程序设计提供参考。采用滑动相关捕获算法、单△值非相干延迟锁定伪码跟踪环,实现了伪码同步。仿真结果表明,该系统可无误码地恢复发端原始信息。     

空间非合作目标惯性参数在轨辨识

在空间冗余机械臂抓捕非合作目标的惯性参数辨识问题中,已有方法大都基于系统动量已知的假设,且辨识过程未考虑基座姿态稳定。针对目标动量未知的问题,设计了具有增量形式的惯性参数分步辨识算法。首先基于线动量方程得到关于质量和质心位置的第一组估计方程,采用增量形式消除未知线动量更新估计方程。辨识结果收敛后根据估计参数计算线动量估计值,代入以转动惯量为未知参数的第二组估计方程中,利用其增量表达式完成对转动惯量的估计。辨识过程中的激励由自适应零反作用控制输入提供,算法在保证基座姿态不受干扰的同时还能对惯性参数精确辨识。仿真结果表明,在30s以内算法已收敛,误差收敛到零的同时,基座姿态角速率控制精度在10^-3以下,说明算法收敛快,精度高,同时还能实现基座姿态稳定。     

基于权值分配及多特征表示的在线多示例学习跟踪

针对复杂环境下目标跟踪过程中由于遮挡、目标姿势及光照条件变化引起跟踪漂移的问题,提出一种基于多示例学习（MIL）框架的在线视觉目标跟踪算法。该算法针对多示例跟踪算法采用单一haar-like特征不能准确描述目标外观变化及在学习过程中对样本包中各正负样本示例采用相同权值,忽略不同正负样本示例在学习过程中对包的重要性不同的特点,采用多特征联合表示目标外观构造分类器,通过将多特征互补特性融入在线多示例学习过程中,利用多特征的互补属性建立准确的目标外观模型,克服在线多示例跟踪算法对目标外观变化描述不足的问题;同时,依据不同正负样本示例对样本包的重要程度进行权值分配,提高跟踪精度。实验结果表明,本文跟踪算法对场景光线剧烈变化、遮挡、尺度变化及平面旋转等干扰具有较强的跟踪鲁棒性,通过对不同视频序列进行测试,文中算法在5组测试视频序列上的平均中心位置误差远小于对比增量式学习跟踪,仅为10.14像素,其对比算法IVT、MIL和OAB的中心位置误差分别为17.99、20.29和33.64像素。      

轨姿控推进系统用电磁阀性能仿真研究

轨姿控推进系统采用电磁阀控制内部流体通路的开启与断流,从而实现其重复启动和脉冲工作.在轨姿控推进系统快速稳定工作问题的研究中,电磁阀的性能对推进系统至关重要.针对轨姿控推进系统用电磁阀,基于电磁学及运动学等基本原理,建立了电磁阀动态数学模型,利用Matlab Simulink软件进行了动态仿真,得到了电磁阀动态响应特性;采用CFD软件对阀门内部流场进行数值模拟仿真,获得了精确的静态流阻特性,直观展现了电磁阀动态流场,为电磁阀的性能优化和轨姿控推进系统的性能提高提供依据.     

Particle flters for probability hypothesis density flter with the presence of unknown measurement noise covariance

In Bayesian multi-target fltering,knowledge of measurement noise variance is very important.Signifcant mismatches in noise parameters will result in biased estimates.In this paper,a new particle flter for a probability hypothesis density（PHD）flter handling unknown measurement noise variances is proposed.The approach is based on marginalizing the unknown parameters out of the posterior distribution by using variational Bayesian（VB）methods.Moreover,the sequential Monte Carlo method is used to approximate the posterior intensity considering non-linear and non-Gaussian conditions.Unlike other particle flters for this challenging class of PHD flters,the proposed method can adaptively learn the unknown and time-varying noise variances while fltering.Simulation results show that the proposed method improves estimation accuracy in terms of both the number of targets and their states.     

Demonstration of a high sensitivity GNSS software receiver for indoor positioning

Advances in signal processing techniques contributed to the significant improvements of GNSS receiver performance in dense multipath environments and created the opportunities for a new category of high-sensitivity GNSS (HS-GNSS) receivers that can provide GNSS location services in indoor environments. The difficulties in improving the availability, reliability, and accuracy of these indoor capable GNSS receivers exceed those of the receivers designed for the most hostile urban canyon environments. The authors of this paper identified the vector tracking schemes, signal propagation statistics, and parallel processing techniques that are critical to a robust HS-GNSS receiver for indoor environments and successfully incorporated them into a fully functional high-sensitivity software receiver. A flexible vector-based receiver architecture is introduced to combine these key indoor signal processing technologies into GSNRx-hs™ – the high sensitivity software navigation receiver developed at the University of Calgary. The resulting receiver can perform multi-mode vector tracking in indoor environment at various levels of location and timing uncertainties. In addition to the obvious improvements in time-to-first-fix (TTFF) and signal sensitivity, the field test results in indoor environments surrounded by wood, glass, and concrete showed that the new techniques effectively improved the performance of indoor GNSS positioning. With fine GNSS timing, the proposed receiver can consistently deliver indoor navigation solution with the horizontal accuracy of 2–15 m depending on the satellite geometry and the indoor environments. If only the coarse GNSS timing is available, the horizontal accuracy of the indoor navigation solution from the proposed receiver is around 30 m depending on the coarse timing accuracy, the satellite geometry, and the indoor environments. From the preliminary field test results, it has been observed that the signal processing sensitivity is the dominant factor on the availability of the indoor navigation solution, while the GNSS timing accuracy is the dominant factor on the accuracy of the indoor navigation solution.     

带VSCMGs的航天器姿态稳定及功率补偿控制

基于变速控制力矩陀螺群动力学模型建立其复合控制方程和分系统解耦约束方程,用矩阵投影方法同步设计得到航天器姿态与能量一体控制复合操纵律,利用Lyapunov方法分析了转子轴向惯量误差对姿态控制分系统的影响.根据飞轮转子轴向惯量与功率输出之间的误差关系设计出功率控制补偿器.复合操纵律中的力矩和功率两解形式相同,约束方程使得姿态与能量控制两分系统解耦,便于进行考虑执行机构特性的闭环控制系统性能分析.考虑飞轮转子轴向惯量误差时,姿态控制分系统的输出耗散特性使其能够保持稳定,而功率控制分系统输出误差与转子轴向惯量误差成比例关系,经过补偿后功率输出能满足控制要求.     

基于鲁棒自适应反步法的航天器姿态跟踪控制

针对存在未知惯量矩阵和外干扰的刚体航天器姿态跟踪,提出了一种鲁棒自适应控制方法。综合自适应反步法和非线性L2增益干扰抑制方法,用自适应反步法构造系统的Lyapunov函数,获得了具L2增益的鲁棒自适应控制器,以保证姿态跟踪误差系统为一致最终有界稳定,确保估计的航天器惯量参数的有界性,并使从外干扰输入到评价输出的L2增益不大于给定值。仿真结果验证了方法的有效性和可行性。     

GNSS接收机数字载波跟踪环建模与噪声性能分析

针对GNSS接收机高灵敏度跟踪问题,研究数字载波跟踪环热噪声相位颤动与相干积累时间长度的关系.在分析I·Q鉴相器的Costas载波环信号处理流程的基础上,建立了新的环路线性化模型.基于该模型,推导了由最佳模拟环路滤波器双线性变换离散化得到的数字载波跟踪环的噪声性能.数值分析表明:采用I·Q鉴相器的二阶、三阶数字载波环热噪声相位颤动,随相干积累时间的增大先减小后增大,存在热噪声相位颤动最小意义上的最佳相干积累时间.仿真结果验证了理论分析结论,同时表明新建模型对数字载波跟踪环的描述比传统模型更准确.文中给出的各载噪比和环路带宽组合条件下的最佳相干积累时间,可用于指导高灵敏度接收机载波跟踪环设计.     

运载器末助推段非线性姿态控制器设计

根据单摆模型近似晃动质量推导晃动运动与姿态运动的动力学方程,基于状态相关黎卡提方程方法,综合动态逆控制方法设计了运载器末助推段非线性姿态控制器,由状态反馈实现姿态跟踪和晃动抑制。因实际中模拟晃动运动的单摆状态无法测量,引入输出多采样率技术,通过在一个采样周期内多次检测被控对象的输出估计状态,实现设计的状态反馈控制律。数...