高超声速可变形双翼气动特性

为研究高超声速可变形双翼在不同迎角和不同马赫数条件下的气动特性,并针对在给定的迎角和马赫数条件下可变形双翼的舵面偏转角选取困难的问题,通过结合二分法、遗传算法和高斯牛顿算法对处于不同迎角和不同马赫数条件下的可变形双翼的舵面偏转角进行了选取确定,分析了可变形双翼的气动特性和舵面偏转角对其气动特性产生影响的机理。研究表明:当来流马赫数为5,迎角从1°~8°变化时,可变形双翼的升阻比明显大于Busemann双翼的升阻比,最大可达4.2倍;当迎角为3°,来流马赫数从0.5~5变化时,可变形双翼的升阻比最大可达Busemann双翼升阻比的3.4倍。结果表明可变形双翼在大迎角和大速度范围内均能保持高升阻比,在高超声速飞行中将具有更好的应用价值和前景。     

基于太阳能飞机应用的低雷诺数翼型研究

以太阳能飞机为背景,对低雷诺数翼型FX 63-137进行了折线型建模以拟合典型晶硅太阳能电池片对气动外形的影响,开展了气动数值模拟分析。首先引用"拟合优度"的定义描述本文折线型翼型轮廓与基准翼型(Baseline)的吻合度,并以此参数为变量建立5种折线型翼型模型;然后,采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法计算分析了不同雷诺数下各折线型翼型的气动特性,并着重研究了低雷诺数下折线型翼型的绕流机理;最后,基于工程应用实际的需求,提出了晶硅太阳能电池片的铺设方法也即折线型翼型设计思想准则,并进行算例验证。研究结果表明:低雷诺数条件下,折线型翼型升阻性能相比光滑翼型在一定程度上表现出了优势,但随着雷诺数的增加,升阻方面的优势逐渐消失;折线型翼型压力分布受各折线段长度影响,前缘吸力峰值、压力平台范围以及压力恢复区分布特征是决定折线型翼型气动性能的主要因素;通过设计的算例验证了本文提出的折线型翼型设计思想的可行性。     

高超声速进气道低马赫数不起动和再起动试验

为拓展对高超声速进气道不起动机理的认识,对一截短的二元高超声速进气道的低马赫数不起动现象和再起动现象进行了风洞试验研究。试验中分别通过改变进气道攻角和在通道下游设置堵锥形成流动壅塞的方法来模拟进气道来流马赫数的改变和燃烧室内释热导致的流动壅塞。试验中采用高速纹影技术和动态压力测量技术对上述动态过程中的瞬态流动结构和壁面动态压力信号特征进行了记录。研究发现,当进气道处于低马赫数不起动时,其口部分离包诱导激波受分离包自身振荡特性的影响,在唇口附近连续的小幅振荡,进而给整个进气道通道内引入了一类无基频的小幅压力扰动。而该扰动随着马赫数的增加,进气道恢复起动后逐渐消失。此外,还捕捉到了进气道再起动过程中分离包吞入的迟滞现象,进气道从"小喘"阶段恢复至起动状态时,由于下游高压的存在使得分离包未能完全吞回,并出现了类似低马赫数不起动时的无基频小幅振荡。该振荡直至通道下游完全敞开、口部分离包被吞入才逐渐消失,至此进气道也顺利地恢复到了起动状态。     

再入飞行器俯仰动态失稳的分叉理论与计算分析

采用非线性自治动力系统分叉理论,耦合求解非定常Navier-Stokes方程和俯仰运动方程,研究了再入飞行器单自由度俯仰运动失稳问题。研究表明,航天飞行器再入时,如果仅有一个配平攻角,随马赫数降低,其配平攻角处的俯仰动态失稳一般对应于Hopf分叉,并存在亚临界Hopf分叉和超临界Hopf分叉两种失稳形态。作为验证实例,数值模拟了飞船返回舱外形和平头有翼双锥外形的俯仰动态失稳现象。结果表明,返回舱再入时,随马赫数降低将发生超临界Hopf分叉,俯仰运动由点吸引子演化为周期吸引子,临界Hopf分叉点发生在马赫数2.2处;而平头再入体随马赫数降低,发生亚临界Hopf分叉,俯仰运动则是由周期吸引子演化为点吸引子,马赫数6.8为临界Hopf分叉点。     

Effect of Coriolis and centrifugal forces on flow and heat transfer at high rotation number and high density ratio in non orthogonally internal cooling channel

Numerical predictions of three-dimensional flow and heat transfer are performed for a two-pass square channel with 45° staggered ribs in non-orthogonally mode-rotation using the second moment closure model. At Reynolds number of 25,000, the rotation numbers studied were 0,0.24, 0.35 and 1.00. The density ratios were 0.13, 0.23 and 0.50. The results show that at high buoyancy parameter and high rotation number with a low density ratio, the flow in the first passage is governed by the secondary flow induced by the rotation whereas the secondary flow induced by the skewed ribs was almost distorted. As a result the heat transfer rate is enhanced on both co-trailing and co-leading sides compared to low and medium rotation number. In contrast, for the second passage, the rotation slightly reduces the heat transfer rate on co-leading side at high rotation number with a low density ratio and degrades it significantly on both co-trailing and co-leading sides at high buoyancy parameter compared to the stationary, low and medium rotation numbers. The numerical results are in fair agreement with available experimental data in the bend region and the second passage, while in the first passage were overestimated at low and medium rotation numbers.     

Angular velocity determination of spinning solar sails using only a sun sensor

The direction of the sun is the easiest and most reliable observation vector for a solar sail running in deep space exploration. This paper presents a new method using only raw measurements of the sun direction vector to estimate angular velocity for a spinning solar sail. In cases with a con-stant spin angular velocity, the estimation equation is formed based on the kinematic model for the apparent motion of the sun direction vector;the least-squares solution is then easily calculated. A performance criterion is defined and used to analyze estimation accuracy. In cases with a variable spin angular velocity, the estimation equation is developed based on the kinematic model for the apparent motion of the sun direction vector and the attitude dynamics equation. Simulation results show that the proposed method can quickly yield high-precision angular velocity estimates that are insensitive to certain measurement noises and modeling errors.     

多霍尔器件提高飞轮转速测量精度的研究

对飞轮使用的霍尔器件与转速测量精度之间的关系进行分析,提出了一种基于增加霍尔器件提高飞轮转速测量精度的方法,并根据该方法确定了多霍尔器件安装布局的设计原则和公式。     

高马赫数临近空间无人机主要总体参数设计方法

针对高马赫数临近空间无人机(HSUAV)概念设计的需求,研究一种飞行器主要总体参数设计的改进方法,目的是提高主要总体参数设计的可信度。在现有的约束分析和任务分析方法基础上,通过融入适用性更广、预测精度更高的气动模型和推进系统模型,建立了一种迭代的设计计算流程。应用参数化建模方法建立了气动数值分析模型,应用发动机热力循环分析建立了推进系统模型。应用本文方法完成了高马赫数临近空间无人机主要总体参数设计计算,结果表明:经过若干次迭代设计计算,主要总体参数值收敛;由传统方法确定的主要总体参数与本文方法的结果有明显差别。由于本文方法中使用了可信度更高的气动和推进系统模型,根据本文方法确定的主要总体参数具有更高的可信度。     

Longitudinal parameter identification of a small unmanned aerial vehicle based on modified particle swarm optimization

This paper describes a longitudinal parameter identification procedure for a small unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)through modified particle swam optimization(PSO).The procedure is demonstrated using a small UAV equipped with only an micro-electro-mechanical systems(MEMS)inertial measuring element and a global positioning system(GPS)receiver to provide test information.A small UAV longitudinal parameter mathematical model is derived and the modified method is proposed based on PSO with selective particle regeneration(SRPSO).Once modified PSO is applied to the mathematical model,the simulation results show that the mathematical model is correct,and aerodynamic parameters and coefficients of the propeller can be identified accurately.Results are compared with those of PSO and SRPSO and the comparison shows that the proposed method is more robust and faster than the other methods for the longitudinal parameter identification of the small UAV.Some parameter identification results are affected slightly by noise,but the identification results are very good overall.Eventually,experimental validation is employed to test the proposed method,which demonstrates the usefulness of this method.     

基于LQG/LTR的高超声速飞行器全通道姿态控制

针对高超声速飞行器具有强烈的非线性、耦合及不确定性等特点,且存在系统噪声和量测噪声,使姿态控制变得困难的问题,提出了采用LQG/LTR控制方法进行全通道姿态控制的思路。首先,在平衡点通过小偏差线性化方法建立多变量耦合的控制模型;然后,运用LQG/LTR控制方法设计姿态控制器。仿真结果表明,在有高斯噪声情况下,所设计的姿态控制系统实现了指令精确跟踪,具有较强的鲁棒性。