高速飞行弹箭目标表面动态热辐射

针对红外系统实时跟踪捕获高速飞行弹箭目标的关键问题,提出了一种用于求解其全弹道动态红外辐射（IR）特性的方法.以典型155mm口径无控弹箭为研究对象,基于Simulink建立了模块化的6自由度(DOF)刚体弹道仿真模型,数值计算并分析了弹道诸元的变化规律.应用热网络法建立了弹体表面耦合换热动态热辐射场的物理模型,推导了弹箭高速旋转飞行的气动加热计算模型,并利用蒙特卡洛(M-C)法考虑了环境热辐射的影响.运用Runge-Kutta法耦合求解节点热平衡方程组,得到了动态气动表面传热系数、温度场以及红外辐射场的分布规律,对比分析了目标在整个飞行过程、不同部位、不同波段内的红外辐射特征.结果表明:目标发射后,其表面温度迅速升高,越靠近弹头部,温度升高速率越快,峰值温度越高；在飞行前20s内,其红外辐射特征明显；随着飞行速度衰减,热量散失较快,辐射强度较弱,且主要集中于8～14μm波段.      

用于铯光泵磁强计的无磁恒温控制系统设计

针对铯光泵磁强计对原子气室温度高稳定性及无磁干扰的要求，设计了一种用于铯光泵磁强计的无磁恒温控制系统。该系统主要包括无磁加热器件与无磁恒温控制电路。无磁加热器件采用微机电系统工艺的双层对称四线结构，可有效抑制电流产生的磁场；无磁恒温控制电路通过交流加热进一步减小恒定磁场干扰，以现场可编程门阵列为核心，使用直接数字式频率合成技术产生高频加热信号，再经功率放大进行无磁恒温控制，减少硬件电路资源。测试结果表明，气室恒温控制的温度噪声峰峰值可达到0.02 ℃，满足光泵磁强计的性能要求。     

Aspects related to variability of radiative cooling by NO in lower thermosphere,TEC and O/N2 correlation,and diffusion of NO into mesosphere during the Halloween storms

Nitric Oxide is a very important trace species which plays a significant role acting as a natural thermostat in Earth’s thermosphere during strong geomagnetic activity. In this paper, we present various aspects related to the variation in the NO Infrared radiative flux (IRF) exiting the thermosphere by utilizing the TIMED/SABER (Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics/ Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry) observational data during the Halloween storm which occurred in late October 2003. The Halloween storm comprised of three intense-geomagnetic storms. The variability of NO infrared flux during these storm events and its connection to the strength of the geomagnetic storms were found to be different in contrast to similar super storms. The connection between the quantum of energy outflux from the upper atmosphere into space in terms of NO IRF and the duration of storms is established. The NO radiative cooling, and the closely correlated depletion in O/N₂ ratio are controlled by the Joule heating intensity (proxied by AE-index). The collisional excitation rate of NO, calculated using the modelled datasets of WACCM-X (Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere and ionosphere extension), correlates well with the observed pattern of radiative emission by NO. Observational datasets from TIMED/GUVI (Global Ultra-Violet Imager) and MIT Haystack observatory madrigal GNSS (Global navigation satellite system) total electron content (TEC) database shows that the TEC and O/N₂ enhancement in low-mid northern hemispheric latitudes are mainly controlled by the z-component of Interplanetary magnetic field (IMF-B_z). The penetration of eastward electric field during the storm events is found to be responsible for the overall enhancement of TEC. The contribution of enhanced day-side TEC in observed variation of O/N₂ ratio by GUVI is also reported. It is also seen that during substorms related events the night-time polar region experiences more cooling due to NO than the daytime polar region. The connections between the mid- and low-latitude enhancement in NO IRF with the propagation of LSTIDs (Large-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances) in combination with the O/N₂ variability, and the altitudinal variation in NO flux with the progression of the storm is also investigated. This study presents the evidence on the role of diffusion processes in the large scale enhancement of NO in the mesospheric altitudes.     

基于电加热膜防冰设计方案的分流环表面换热特性试验研究

分流环表面换热特性对提升防冰设计效能至关重要。针对传统热气防冰方案中试验件与试验方案系统复杂、成本高昂等问题，本文提出了一种新型电加热膜防冰设计方案的分流环表面换热系数的试验方法。根据能量守恒定律，推导出分流环表面换热系数理论公式。试验研究了不同俯仰角、速度、液态水含量（Liqid water content,LWC）以及水滴中位体积直径（Median volumetric diameter, MVD）等对分流环表面换热特性的影响。试验结果表明：前缘区域换热系数随俯仰角先增大后降低，25°俯仰角是明显的转折点；相同喷雾条件下的前缘区域、下表面区域的平均换热系数约是干空气条件下的3倍；分流环前缘的换热系数明显大于上、下表面的换热系数。     

直升机旋翼除冰系统加热垫试验研究

直升机旋翼桨叶结冰会导致其气动外形的破坏,严重影响飞行品质。为了提高直升机旋翼防除冰系统的柔韧性和抗疲劳性,以镍铬合金细丝编织的金属网作为加热元件,并将其以展向布置的方式设置于桨叶中;通过设计,确定金属丝的直径、网格的尺寸,结合现有的复合材料成型工艺,制备出电加热试验件;对所制备的加热垫分别进行电热性能测试、力学性能测试和实验室模拟除冰试验。结果表明:所制备的加热垫温升速度可达2.5℃/s,面内温度均匀性小于2℃,实验室模拟除冰效果良好。