双尾撑布局弹性飞机配平诱导阻力分析与优化

基于能量方法推导了弹性飞机静气弹配平方程,提出了用定常涡格法结合Trefftz平面理论与阻力计算经验公式来求解弹性飞机定直平飞配平状态诱导阻力与配平阻力的分析思路,建立了通过机翼几何扭转角优化配置减小全机诱导阻力的分析方法.以某双尾撑无人机为例进行研究,分析发现尾撑纵向弯曲刚度对该布局飞机的全机诱导阻力、升降舵配平舵偏型阻及全机阻力等参数有重要影响.优化分析结果表明:通过机翼扭转角的合理优化,可使全机展向升力分布形式更接近于椭圆分布,进而有效减小全机诱导阻力,且对其他阻力分量也有一定的减缓效果.     

Experimental and Numerical Studies of Vitiated Air Effects on Hydrogen-fueled Supersonic Combustor Performance

This paper deals with the vitiation effects of test air on the scramjet performance in the ground combustion heated facilities. The primary goal is to evaluate the effects of H2O and CO2, the two major vitiated species generated by combustion heater, on hydrogen-fueled supersonic combustor performance with experimental and numerical approaches. The comparative experiments in the clean air and vitiated air are conducted by using the resistance heated direct-connected facility, with the typical Mach 4 flight conditions simulated. The H2O and CO2 species with accurately controlled contents are added to the high enthalpy clean air from resistance heater, to synthesize the vitiated air of a combustion-type heater. Typically, the contents of H2O species can be varied within the range of 3.5%-30% by mole, and 3.0%-10% for CO2 species. The total temperature, total pressure, Mach number and O2 mole fraction at the combustor entrance are well-matched between the clean air and vitiated air. The combustion experiments are completed at the fuel equivalence ratios of 0.53 and 0.42 respectively. Furthermore, three-dimensional (3D) reacting flow simulations of combustor flowpath are performed to provide insight into flow field structures and combustion chemistry details that cannot resolved by experimental instruments available. Finally, the experimental data, combined with computational results, are employed to analyze the effects of H2O and CO2 vitiated air on supersonic combustion characteristics and performance. It is concluded that H2O and CO2 contaminants can significantly inhibit the combustion induced pressure rise measured from combustor wall, and the pressure profile decreases with the increasing H2O and CO2 contents in nonlinear trend; simulation results agree well with experimental data and the overall vitiation effects are captured; direct extrapolation of the results from vitiated air to predict the performance of actual flight conditions could result in over-fueling the combustor, possible inlet un-start and inappropriate combustion mode transition. The detailed analysis and discussion are presented and the research conclusions are summarized.     

H2O污染对煤油燃料超燃冲压发动机燃烧室性能影响的数值模拟

在超声速燃烧设备上进行了带凹槽的直连式双模态煤油燃料超燃冲压发动机污染与纯空气来流的对比试验.为了研究来流污染对超燃冲压发动机试验性能的影响,在相同的试验气体参数(马赫数为2,总温约为828K和总压约为800kPa)下,对带凹槽煤油燃料燃烧室进行了一系列对比燃烧试验.采用AHL3D软件对3个试验条件的燃烧室反应流场进行了数值模拟.计算和试验得到的压强分布比较接近且趋势一致.通过数值模拟获得反应流场的细节,探究污染影响的机理.      

基于严格成像模型的卫星姿态角系统误差补偿

为消除卫星在轨运动过程中俯仰、偏航、滚动对遥感影像地面定位的影响,建立了卫星姿态角系统误差补偿模型,即在严格成像模型的基础上,对姿态角进行直接调整,以减小定位误差。利用环境减灾-1B（HJ-1B）卫星CCD1相机遥感影像进行分析,在单景影像的定位中,借助于2个地面控制点,将其系统误差减小到原来的1/3,从而验证了模型的有效性,为进一步在轨检校相机内部静态参数提供了前提。     

富氢/富氧燃气气-气多喷嘴正交优化设计与分析

基于正交设计研究了各设计参数对富氢/富氧燃气气-气多喷嘴推力室燃烧位置、壁面温度及喷注面板温度的影响趋势和影响程度.方差分析和极差分析结果表明:燃氧速度比是影响燃烧长度和壁面温度的主要因素,较小的氧喷嘴出口厚度有利于降低喷注面板温度,但各因素的交互作用对不同设计目标影响程度差异较大;多目标响应面分析表明:低的氧喷嘴压降,高的燃氧速度比和适当的氧喷嘴厚度能使发动机达到更好的均衡性能.      

面向气热耦合的涡轮叶片计算域模型建模方法

针对冷却结构复杂的涡轮叶片在气热耦合数值模拟中计算域模型建模效率低、模型质量不稳定以及对数值模拟适应性差等问题,分析面向制造的涡轮叶片模型及建模方法,结合气热耦合数值模拟对涡轮叶片数值模拟的实际需求,提出一种面向气热耦合的涡轮叶片计算域建模方法。通过外型冷却特征自动定位生成算法,创建涡轮叶片冷气域部分;通过自适应管道求交算法、边界自动匹配算法,创建能够适应不同叶型的涡轮叶片燃气域部分;此外,在创建流体域的过程中提取气热耦合数值模拟所需的关键几何特征及非几何信息,并与冷气域、燃气域、叶片实体集成,完成气热耦合计算域模型的生成。基于以上研究开发涡轮叶片气热耦合计算域模型快速建模系统,验证所提方法的有效性。      

超燃冲压发动机燃烧室的燃烧特性

以一种低内阻光滑通道煤油超燃冲压发动机燃烧室为应用背景,采用有限差分法对燃烧室超声速流场进行了数值模拟.对流项采用3阶WENO（weighted essentially non-oscillatory）格式,湍流模型为SST（shear stress transport） k-ω模型,煤油（C₁₂H₂₃）/空气反应模型采用单步化学动力学模型.将燃烧室中沿侧壁的壁面静压的计算结果与实验结果进行了对比,结果符合良好,说明该算法适用于煤油超燃燃烧室计算. 研究了燃烧室来流静温、燃料/空气当量比和射流位置对煤油超声速流动与燃烧的影响.计算结果表明:燃烧集中在安装喷嘴一侧的壁面边界层附近,点火位置对当地静温非常敏感.随着来流静温降低、燃料/空气当量比减小和燃烧室扩张角增大,燃烧效率降低,燃烧性能下降,点火位置逐渐向燃烧室出口移动,燃烧放热形成的激波串结构消失.在燃烧室上、下壁面交错布置燃料喷嘴有利于提高燃烧效率.基于此,初步获得了光滑通道燃烧室内煤油点火燃烧的临界条件.      

湍流燃烧模型在航空发动机喷雾燃烧中的应用

使用自主开发的计算软件,数值模拟航空发动机旋流杯环形燃烧室三维湍流煤油两相燃烧过程,采用多维经验分析法与多步反应火焰面模型预测旋流杯环形燃烧室污染物排放,对4种湍流燃烧模型预测喷雾燃烧流场与污染物排放能力进行评估.各模型所得的计算值与试验数据较为相符,表明这些模型都可用来预测旋流杯环形燃烧室两相燃烧流场和污染物排放能力,但是不同模型的计算精度不相同.其中多步反应火焰面模型所得的出口温度分布与污染物排放与试验结果最接近,其预测精度高于其他模型.因此合理选择湍流燃烧模型可以提高计算准确性和可靠性.      

Advances of Microgravity Sciences

Advances of microgravity sciences in China are introduced. The research works include ground-based study and space experiments. In the recent years, the main means still are theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, ground-based experiment, and short-time microgravity experiments of drop tower. Besides, many space experiment projects are arranged. SJ-10 recoverable satellite will carry out 19 scientific experiment projects. Nine of them are for microgravity Sciences. The other ways for space microgravity experiment are with the help of Chinese Shenzhou spacecraft, Chinese Tiangong space laboratory, and Chinese space station in the near future. The Chinese space station will become main platform of Chinese microgravity sciences experiment in space.      

快船式飞行器参数化建模及高超声速气动计算

针对快船式飞行器概念研究和总体设计的需要,将已知几何构型截面划分为三个形状控制函数,并基于圆锥曲线拼接的思想将其封闭为统一的参数化截面形状函数。通过动态调整形状函数的少量控制参数,可获得一簇连续的形状截面,实现了飞行器几何外形的快速参数化建模。基于三角面元划分,进行了高超声速气动特性工程计算,并给出了数据的4阶多项式拟合公式。设计了一种中长航程任务,采用全数值预测校正再入制导算法对快船式飞行器和阿波罗飞船进行了相同条件的再入仿真。仿真表明,相比传统飞船,快船式飞行器升阻比增大,机动性增强,过载环境改善,着陆精度更高。