Numerical investigation on flow and heat transfer characteristics of supercritical RP-3 in inclined pipe

Numerical simulations of flow and heat transfer to supercritical RP-3 through the inclined tubes have been performed using LS k–e model embedded in Fluent. The physical properties of RP-3 were obtained using the generalized corresponding state laws based on the fourcomponent surrogate model. Mass flow rate is 0.3 g/s, system pressure is 3 MPa, inlet temperature is 373 K. Inclination of the inclined pipe varied from -90° to 90°, with heat flux varied from 300 k W/m~2 to 400 kW/m~2. Comparison between the calculated result and the experimental data indicates the range of error reasonable. The results of ±45° show that temperature inhomogeneity in inclined pipe produce the secondary flow in its cross section due to the buoyancy force. Depending on the strength of the temperature inhomogeneity, there will be two different forms of secondary flow and both contribute to the convective heat transfer in the pipe. The secondary flow intensity decreases when the inhomogeneity alleviates and thermal acceleration will play a leading role. It will have a greater impact on the turbulent flow to affect the convective heat transfer in the pipe. When changing the inclination, it affects the magnitude of the buoyant component in flow direction. The angle increases, the buoyancy component decreases. And the peak temperature of wall dominated by the secondary flow will move forward and increase in height.     

基于核主成分分析的空域复杂度无监督评估

空域复杂度评估作为衡量空域运行态势、管制员工作压力的关键手段，是运行调控的基础。由于影响因素众多，不同因素间耦合关联复杂，且标定样本很难获取，空域复杂度的准确评估被公认为航空领域的一个挑战性问题。提出了一种空域复杂度的无监督评估方法。首先通过核主成分分析挖掘原始样本各维度的非线性耦合关系，准确提取能够最大化复杂度评估信息量的主成分，进一步设计了可按需定制的主成分聚类方法，实现了无监督条件下空域复杂度的准确评估，为空域划分、流量管理提供了有效的技术支撑。     

Application of a PCA-DBN-based surrogate model to robust aerodynamic design optimization

An efficient method employing a Principal Component Analysis (PCA)-Deep Belief Network (DBN)-based surrogate model is developed for robust aerodynamic design optimization in this study. In order to reduce the number of design variables for aerodynamic optimizations, the PCA technique is implemented to the geometric parameters obtained by parameterization method. For the purpose of predicting aerodynamic parameters, the DBN model is established with the reduced design variables as input and the aerodynamic parameters as output, and it is trained using the k-step contrastive divergence algorithm. The established PCA-DBN-based surrogate model is validated through predicting lift-to-drag ratios of a set of airfoils, and the results indicate that the PCA-DBN-based surrogate model is reliable and obtains more accurate predictions than three other surrogate models. Then the efficient optimization method is established by embedding the PCA-DBN-based surrogate model into an improved Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) framework, and applied to the robust aerodynamic design optimizations of Natural Laminar Flow (NLF) airfoil and transonic wing. The optimization results indicate that the PCA-DBN-based surrogate model works very well as a prediction model in the robust optimization processes of both NLF airfoil and transonic wing. By employing the PCA-DBN-based surrogate model, the developed efficient method improves the optimization efficiency obviously.     

航空发动机全飞行包线稳态划分方法研究

航空发动机在鲁棒控制器设计过程中存在飞行包线区域难以系统划分的问题,为此,提出基于推力耗油率特性和基于动压耗油率特性的航空发动机飞行包线划分法。根据某型涡扇发动机在全包线范围内稳态工作时的推力、耗油率及动压特性,结合大气条件的客观规律,通过两种划分方法将飞行包线划分为65 个区域,用每个区域对应标称点的参数代替其周围小偏差区域和边界点参数。通过对该发动机全包线内各区域标称点与边界点参数的对比,证明两种方法均对全飞行包线划分有效,可为后续航空发动机控制器设计提供理论基础。     

驻涡燃烧室前钝体燃料喷射性能数值分析

为研究驻涡燃烧室在前钝体燃料喷射状况下的燃烧性能,采用3维数值仿真模拟方法,对驻涡燃烧室前钝体燃料喷射 状况下的燃烧效率及燃烧室性能与无前钝体燃料喷射状况下的燃烧性能进行了对比分析,并对驻涡燃烧室的冷流以及燃烧状态 下的燃烧室性能进行了系统研究。燃烧室温度分布表明：前钝体顶部燃料喷射在0.2~0.7的喷射系数范围内,缩短了燃烧室火焰 长度,提高了燃烧室在相同轴向长度下的燃烧效率,使燃烧室更加紧凑;驻涡燃烧室前钝体顶部燃料喷射孔的孔径在一定范围内 的变化对燃烧室的燃烧效率、出口温度分布系数以及总压损失影响较小。     

SAR performance-based fault diagnosis for electro-hydraulic control system: A novel FDI framework for closed-loop system

Model-based fault diagnosis serves as an efficient and powerful technique in addressing fault detection and isolation (FDI) issues for control systems. However, the standard methods and their modifications still encounter some difficulties in algorithm design and application for complex higher-order systems. To avoid these difficulties, a novel fault diagnosis framework based on multiple performance indicators of closed-loop control system is proposed. Under this framework, a so-called performance residual vector is constructed to measure the differences between the real system and the nominal model in terms of system stability, accuracy, and rapidity (SAR) respectively. The criteria for quantification, normalization of the SAR residuals and the explicit mappings between the thresholds and the required performance are given. FDI can be easily achieved simultaneously by monitoring the normalized residual vector length and direction in the SAR performance residual space. A case study on electro-hydraulic servo control system of turbofan engine is adopted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

竖直圆管内浮升力对超临界碳氢燃料裂解传热传质特性的影响

为了探究再生冷却过程中,浮升力对竖直圆管内超临界碳氢燃料裂解传热传质特性的影响,基于详细裂解反应动力学模型,建立了同时考虑碳氢燃料流动传热和裂解吸热的耦合算法,在此基础上对竖直管道内,浮升力对超临界RP-3的流动、传热和裂解反应的影响展开了数值研究。计算结果表明：与不考虑浮升力的情况相比,在浮升力影响显著的条件下,浮升力增强了向下流动的碳氢燃料壁面处与中心流区域的传热传质过程,燃料温度和裂解率的径向分布更加均匀,燃料吸热能力增强,换热系数上升,同时可以有效地抑制管道壁面上结焦的生成;而对于向上流动的流体,浮升力不利于壁面处与中心流区域的传热传质,导致冷却通道内碳氢燃料温度和裂解率径向分布的不均匀性增强,燃料吸热能力降低,换热系数下降,同时增加了管道壁面上的结焦量;同时,为了更好地理解浮升力的影响,本文还对不同壁面热流密度下向上和向下冷却通道内超临界碳氢燃料的裂解传热特性进行了分析;判别式Bo^*<6.0×10^-7不能准确地预测竖直管道内浮升力对超临界碳氢燃料裂解换热的影响。     

航空发动机两种加速控制计划的融合控制方法研究

转速导数(N-dot)和换算燃油流量加速控制计划是航空发动机加速过程安全、快速的重要保障,但各自分别易受到功率提取、性能衰退和传感器、燃油计量装置误差的影响导致失速喘振或加速性的下降。为了提高所控制加速过程的鲁棒性,使用这两种控制计划所获燃油流量的偏差大小对N-dot控制计划的控制目标进行调节修正的融合控制方法获得实际的加速燃油流量。以双转子加力涡扇发动机为对象的仿真验证表明,该控制方法可以适应全包线加速控制的需要;相比其余两种控制计划在受功率提取、误差影响下保持正常工作的范围更广;相同工作条件下,该方法比N-dot控制计划更不易发生喘振,比换算燃油流量控制计划的加速时间更小。     

超临界碳氢燃料蒸汽重整一维模型研究

为了获得关键参数对超临界碳氢燃料蒸汽重整化学热沉分布特性的影响,建立了超临界碳氢燃料蒸汽重整非稳态一维计算模型,通过与实验数据的对比验证了模型的准确性,并基于该模型采用RP-3的四组分替代模型对RP-3蒸汽重整过程中入口流速、压力和含水量等关键参数对热沉沿流向分布特性的影响进行了研究。结果表明：随着入口流速的增加,蒸汽重整反应化学热沉的峰值减小,且出现峰值的位置逐渐向出口移动。随着压力的升高,相同位置处的化学热沉都减少,但是出现峰值的位置不变。在入口含水量由5%增大到12%的过程中,微通道同一位置处的化学热沉增大,且化学热沉的最大值也是增大的,峰值出现的位置向微通道出口移动。     

碳氢燃料超声速燃烧的化学动力学研究 (Ⅰ)甲烷超声速燃烧的简化化学动力学模型

采用雷诺平均Ｎ－Ｓ方程对碳氢燃料甲烷（ＣＨ４） 在超声速流动中混合燃烧过程进行了数值研究, 提出了简化的甲烷燃烧的反应机理及反应动力学模型, 建立了Ｂａｌｄｗ ｉｎ－Ｌｏｍ ａｘ 代数涡粘性湍流模型, 采用了高精度的ＴＶＤ隐式格式和化学源项隐式解法, 计算结果和氢气／空气超燃的计算结果进行了比较, 表明所采用的反应机理及计算模型合理, 算法可行, 就算例结果而言,碳氢化合物作为一种超燃燃料有其独特的优势, 值得进一步深入研究