旋转作用对带肋回转内通道换热特性影响

为了深入了解旋转作用对回转内通道换热特征的影响,采用三维数值模拟方法研究旋转数、旋转半径对带肋内通道模型的流动换热影响。通道入口雷诺数为1.7×104、旋转数范围为0～0.09,出口1、出口2、出口3的质量流量分配比为1∶2∶1,旋转半径与水力直径之比的范围为0～69.6。结果表明:旋转作用力使径向出流通道的压力系数逐渐增大,径向入流通道的压力系数迅速减小;径向出流通道后缘面的努赛尔数(Nu)随旋转数增加而增大,径向入流通道后缘面的Nu随旋转数增加而减小,前缘面Nu随旋转数变化情况相反;前、后缘面Nu沿流向均随旋转半径与水力直径比的增加略有增大,旋转半径变化对壁面换热影响较小。     

空间用液态金属传热式斯特林发电机换热结构研究

随着对太空的探索逐渐深入,核动力电源的优势日益凸显。针对空间核动力电源中的斯特林循环,本文设计1台10 kW的空间用液态钠钾传热式斯特林发电机组,发电机的高温端钠钾换热流道采用直肋式结构,并对换热结构进行优化研究。首先对斯特林发电机的热力学性能进行计算,在此基础上开展斯特林发电机组高温端换热器换热性能分析,得出72流道能较好满足换热要求;然后对换热结构进行应力应变分析,根据分析结果对换热结构的耐压壳体和钠钾流道管壁进行优化研究,使换热器各部件在工作状态下结构应力均低于材料屈服强度。     

火箭发动机轴承摇摆试验技术

大推力火箭发动机摇摆过程中,摇摆轴承使用环境与轴承自身设计指标不同,在承受较大径向载荷的同时,还要承受一定的轴承载荷,并实现低速往复摆动。为获得轴承的静态承载能力摩擦系数及疲劳寿命等关键参数,设计了一种新的轴承试验系统,模拟轴承在发动机不同工作状态下的安装边界和受载形式。通过试验获得了相应的数据,试验结果表明:轴承静态...     

管壳式燃滑油散热器换热特性

管壳式燃滑油散热器换热特性直接影响航空发动机滑油系统的散热冷却能力,对滑油系统的热平衡建立至关重要。为了更准确地进行滑油系统热分析计算,优化滑油系统设计,必须掌握更为精确的燃滑油散热器换热特性的计算方法。在对散热器壳程的复杂流动进行分析的基础上,分别采用Kern法、Bell-Delaware法和分段模拟法计算换热特性,并通过试验结果验证计算准确度,经对比表明,将壳程换热按流动特性进行分段模拟计算的方法具有更高的准确度,满足滑油系统设计需要。     

MEMS传感器测量平板表面摩擦应力高速风洞试验

采用两种热敏MEMS传感器阵列和一种电容式MEMS传感器,在FL-21风洞中开展了平板模型表面摩擦应力分布测量试验研究。试验马赫数（地）为0．3-0．6,试验雷诺数（Re）为（0．63-1．23）×10^7m^-1,模型迎角为0°。试验结果表明：平板模型边界层流动能量主要集中在1000Hz以内;试验测得的表面摩擦应力分布随Ma变化规律与可压缩层流／湍流估算值吻合较好;试验所用平板模型边界层流动转捩起始点位于距平板前缘160mm附近,终止点在距平板前缘202．5-242．5mm之间。     

储氢合金/AP/HTPB推进剂燃烧性能研究

制备了Al/AP/HTPB推进剂和储氢合金/AP/HTPB推进剂,并对它们进行了DSC,PDSC,爆热和燃速测试.DSC和PDSC测试结果表明,储氢合金对AP/HTPB推进剂的凝聚相反应有催化作用,在0.1MPa和5MPa下,使其凝聚相主分解温度分别降低21.67℃和15.67℃,凝聚相反应热分别提高105.97％和21.87％;爆热测试结果表明,储氢合金对AP/HTPB推进剂的气相反应有催化作用,使气相反应热提高4.74％;燃速结果表明,储氢合金可以提高AP/HTPB推进剂的燃速.进一步研究表明,A1/AP/HTPB推进剂和储氢合金/AP/HTPB推进剂的燃速与爆热存在一定的相关性.总结出了燃速-爆热关系式.     

激波风洞高超声速摩阻直接测量技术研究

介绍了在中国空气动力研究与发展中心（CARDC）激波风洞中进行的摩阻测量技术研究情况。在测量研究中,设计了压电型摩阻天平,为了提高摩阻天平的校准和风洞试验测量结果精度,便于风洞试验和校准之间安装的变换,本项研究的摩阻天平采用一种新结构,也就是测量表面和摩阻天平本体可以分离的分体式结构,由此确保在不同使用场合下,摩阻天平的测量表面或者校准加载块可拆卸和更换。验证性试验是在CARDC0．6m激波风洞中进行的,流场名义马赫数分别为8和10,单位雷诺数分别为2．85×10^7／m和1．58×10^7／m,试验中测量了带压缩拐角的进气道模型表面三个测点的摩擦阻力,也测量了摩阻测点及其附近热流,测量结果表明：模型表面的摩阻和热流与雷诺比拟准则符合得较好。     

微通道传热用于火焰筒壁面冷却的性能

对微通道传热应用于航空发动机火焰筒冷却进行了探索。构造了简单微通道模型,其上下平面分别代表火焰筒内外壁面;用工程方法计算火焰筒壁面的热环境作为计算模型的边界条件,以Fluent为工具模拟微通道换热结构的冷却性能;涉及两种长径比(20,40)和三种火焰筒压降(2.0%,2.5%,3.0%)。结果表明,含有微通道换热结构的火焰筒,能以较少的冷却气量维持较低的壁面温度;冷却气流吸热后升温明显,冷量利用率可达40%;冷却气量受长径比影响显著,受火焰筒压降影响不大;火焰筒壁面沿流向的温度梯度非常大。     

Sensitivity of a physically realizable heliogyro root pitch control system to inherent damping models

The heliogyro solar sail employs high aspect ratio blades that are rigidized by spinning about the central spacecraft, eliminating the need for structural booms typically used to tension traditional square sails. The easily scalable heliogyro gains its maneuverability by actuating the blades at their root with sinusoidal pitch profiles. The blade vibration caused by maneuvering must be attenuated using active control since there is little inherent damping in the blade material. Due to the small root pitch control torques required, on the order of 2 µNm, compared to the large friction torques associated with a root pitch actuator, it has only recently been shown that a single blade heliogyro impedance controller can add damping to the lowest frequency torsional modes of the blade in the presence of modeled actuator friction torques. However, the need to measure blade twist away from the actuator at the root creates a non-collocated control system. Some inherent damping at the blade’s higher frequency modes is therefore needed to stably add damping to the larger-magnitude low-frequency modes, hence control design is sensitive to the accuracy of the blade damping model. Recently, damping characterization tests performed on a small-scale heliogyro blade in a high-vacuum chamber invalidated the assumption of a linear viscous torsional blade damping model that was previously used in blade control designs. This paper describes the formulation of three modal damping models based on the new experimental data and their integration into the single blade heliogyro model. A comparison of the robustness and performance envelopes for the baseline proximal blade twist feedback controller using these damping models shows the ability to meet the required settling time of less than 720 s necessary for a heliogyro technology demonstration mission. This comparison of physically realizable root pitch control systems for a heliogyro blade is critical to increasing the sailcraft to Technology Readiness Level three.     

Effects of different aging treatments on microstructures and mechanical properties of Al-Cu-Li alloy joints welded by electron beam welding

Post-weld single aging treatment(solution treatment at 510 ℃ for 1 h, water quenching,and aging at 155 ℃ for 16 h) and post-weld double aging treatment(solution treatment at 510 ℃ for 1 h, water quenching, aging at 155 ℃ for 16 h, and aging at 130 ℃ for 12 h) are carried out on Al-Cu-Li alloy joints by electron beam welding(EBW) respectively. The effects of aging treatments on microstructures and mechanical properties of welded joints are investigated. Results show that the mechanical properties of welded joints are obviously improved after both aging treatments. The strength coefficient of joints is increased from 0.64 in an as-welded condition(AW) to 0.90 after post-weld double aging treatment. Microstructure analysis shows that the precipitates of the fusion zone within grains and grain boundaries are less in the AW condition. After post-weld heat treatment(PWHT), a lot of fine needle-like phases T_1(Al_2 Cu Li) precipitate in grain boundaries of the fusion zone, and more horseshoe-shaped β' (Al_3 Zr) particles precipitate within grains. In addition,grains of the fusion zone are refined after post-weld double aging treatment, which leads to an effect of grain refinement strengthening. Consequently, the mechanical properties of welded joints are greatly improved.