某发动机整机模态分析

为了获得某型号发动机的动态特性,采用有限元方法进行了发动机整机的模态分析。按照由组件到整机的思想,分别建立了各个组件的有限元模型。重点对推力室和喷管的建模方法进行了分析。将推力室按等效刚度法等效为单层壳,喷管按结构特性等效为正交各向异性壳,并将喷管计算结果同模态试验结果进行对比,验证了喷管建模方法的准确性。各组件模型组装为整机有限元模型,计算得到了整机的模态分布。数值计算结果同模态试验结果吻合较好。     

轴对称矢量喷管有效喉道调节方法

基于三维雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程对轴对称矢量喷管内流场进行了数值模拟,分析了不同落压比下轴对称矢量喷管有效喉道及流量系数随矢量偏转角的变化规律.研究发现:矢量偏转角超过一定值时,轴对称矢量喷管有效喉道位置发生倾斜,有效喉道面积减小,流量系数降低,矢量偏转角越大落压比越低,流量系数降低幅度越大.根据研究结果提出了一种针对矢量偏转状态的轴对称矢量喷管有效喉道调节方法,方法以落压比和矢量偏转角为输入参数,考虑了轴对称矢量喷管几何喉道面积调节前后流量系数的变化.该调节方法能够为发动机控制系统提供更精准的输入,提高控制精度,矢量偏转前后流量相差不超过0.4%,调节时间缩短至少10%,可为推力矢量发动机工作状态调节提供参考.      

高原环境续航火箭喷管推力降低异常现象

为了研究某种续航火箭喷管推力的异常现象,采用AUSM+(advection upstream splitting method)格式、SST(shear stress transport)湍流模型和LU-SGS(lower-upper symmetric Gauss-Seidel)隐式算法,求解二维轴对称RANS(Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes)方程,对入口压力相同、环境压力不同的该喷管进行了数值模拟,得到了在环境压力为50.67~101.32kPa下其推力特性的差异,并分析了异常现象产生的原因.结果表明:随着环境压力的降低,外喷管出口边界的静推力为负值且绝对值呈现先增加后减小的变化规律.在环境压力为60.80~101.32kPa区间范围时,外喷管出口边界的动推力和总推力变化相对较小,当环境压力小于60.80kPa时,该出口边界的动推力和总推力急剧降低.      

边界层控制方法降低喷管喉衬烧蚀影响因素研究

引入一种边界层控制方法,通过在喷管内表面形成一层低温富燃边界层,降低喷管内表面的温度和近壁面处氧化组分的浓度。采用二维轴对称模型对边界层控制方法进行了参变量研究,模拟了低温富燃气体的喷射质量、喷射温度、喷射位置和喷射角度对该方法的影响规律,比较了不同参变量对降低喷管内表面温度和近壁面处氧化组分浓度的效果,证明了边界层控制方法降低喷管喉衬烧蚀影响因素的有效性。     

Jet sweeping angle control by fluidic oscillators with master-slave designs

The fluidic oscillator is an instrument that can continuously generate a spatially sweeping jet entirely based on its internal geometry without any moving parts. However, the traditional fluidic oscillator has an inherent limitation, that is, the spreading angle cannot be controlled independently, rather by the jet volume flow rate and internal geometry. Accordingly, two types of fluidic oscillators based on the master-slave design are developed in current study to decouple this correlation. In both designs, the master layer inherits the similar oscillation mechanisms of a sweeping jet, and the slave layer resembles a steady jet channel. The difference between the two designs is that Design A has a short diverging exit in the slave layer, but Design B adds a long interaction chamber in the exit channel to intensify flow instability. The external flow fields and governing oscillation properties of these two designs are experimentally explored with time-resolved Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), while the internal flow dynamics and driving oscillation mechanisms are numerically investigated. By fixing the total volume flow rate, the jet spreading angle of Design A can be increased smoothly from 0° to above 100° by increasing the proportion of master layer's flow rate from 0 to 100%. For Design B, the control authority of the master layer is significantly enhanced by adding the interaction chamber in the slave layer. In addition, the added chamber causes notable jet oscillation even when the master layer has none input.     

Comprehensive optimization design of aerodynamic and electromagnetic scattering characteristics of serpentine nozzle

Comprehensive optimization design of serpentine nozzle with trapezoidal outlet was studied to improve its aerodynamic and electromagnetic scattering performance. Serpentine nozzles with different center offsets and different ratios of the bases of the trapezoidal outlet were generated based on curvature control regulation. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations have been conducted to obtain the flow field in the nozzle, and Forward-Backward Iterative Physical Optics (FBIPO) method was applied to study the electromagnetic scattering characteristics of the nozzle. Guarantee Convergence Particle Swarm Optimization (GCPSO) algorithm based on Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network was used to optimize the geometry of the nozzle in consideration of its aerodynamic and electromagnetic scattering characteristics. The results show that the GCPSO method based on RBF can be used to optimize the aerodynamic characteristics of the internal flow and the scattering characteristics of the cavity of the serpentine nozzle with irregular outlet. The optimized model has a higher center offset and a lower ratio of the bases of the trapezoidal outlet after optimization compared to the original model. The optimized model leads to a slight change in aerodynamic performance, with a total pressure recovery coefficient increase of 0.31% and a discharge coefficient increase of 0.41%. In addition, the Radar Cross Section (RCS) decreases also by around 83.33% and the overall performance is significantly improved, with a decrease of the optimized objective function by around 38.74%.     

塞锥后体气膜冷却对轴对称塞式喷管红外辐射和气动性能的影响

运用数值模拟方法,在主流质量流量为130 kg/s、总温为920 K和冷却空气总温为480 K的参数条件下,对比分析了塞锥后体气膜孔排布方式、气膜孔倾角(15°~30°)和气膜冷却空气用量(3%主流质量流量以内)对轴对称塞式喷管红外辐射和气动性能的影响。研究结果表明:塞锥后体的气膜冷却对喷管推力系数的影响十分微弱;对塞锥后体提供1%主流质量流量的冷却空气,喷管红外辐射强度相对无冷却喷管降低50%左右;当冷却空气用量增大至3%时,喷管红外辐射强度下降约60%,总压恢复系数降低较为显著;在相同的冷却空气用量下,小孔排间距的多孔排布方式与大孔排间距相比,具有近乎相同的红外辐射抑制效果和低的总压恢复系数下降幅度;气膜孔倾角从30°减小至15°,对塞锥后体表面温度的降低以及喷管总压恢复系数的改善效果微弱。     

真空应用电火花点火的氢氧发动机设计与试验

为研究某大推力氢氧发动机真空羽流效应,设计采用火炬点火方式的60N缩比氢氧发动机.通过球头密封声速喷嘴组件控制流量,使真空下每个声速喷嘴组件减少3个密封面.进行真空点火方案设计,从理论上证明电火花点火的可行性.设计试验系统并进行地面及真空环境下的热试车,试车结果表明:燃烧室压力达到额定压力为0.6MPa时,发动机热防护结构良好,试验系统设计合理,真空电火花点火方案可行,为进行真空羽流效应研究奠定基础.      

考虑进口非均匀的喷管设计及冷流条件下的性能研究

超燃冲压发动机尾喷管与燃烧室直接相连,由于没有几何喉道和收缩段的整流作用,实际工作过程中尾喷管的进口气流是非均匀的,因而有必要研究非均匀进口条件下的尾喷管设计方法。以超燃冲压发动机尾喷管非均匀进口马赫数分布为条件,采用有旋特征线设计了超燃冲压发动机非对称尾喷管的等熵膨胀型线。利用数值模拟和试验相结合的方法研究了冷流条件下喷管的气动性能。结果表明,在相同的进口条件下,相对于假定进口马赫数均匀分布设计得到的喷管,考虑进口马赫数非均匀分布设计的喷管推力增加0.6%~2.0%,负升力降低可达82.0%,俯仰力矩增加8.6%~13.0%,这说明在喷管的设计过程中考虑进口参数分布的非均匀性是有必要的。