Modeling urban heat islands in heterogeneous land surface and its correlation with impervious surface area by using night-time ASTER satellite data in highly urbanizing city,Delhi-India

The present study is an assessment and identification of urban heat island (UHI) in the environment of one of the fastest urbanizing city of India, Delhi Metropolis, employing satellite image of ASTER and Landsat 7 ETM+ in the thermal infrared region 3–14 μm. Temporal (2001 and 2005) ASTER datasets were used to analyze the spatial structure of the thermal urban environment subsequently urban heat island (UHI) in relation to the urban surface characteristics and land use/land cover (LULC). The study involves derivation of parameters governing the surface heat fluxes, constructing statistics of ASTER thermal infrared images along with validation through intensive in situ measurements. The average images reveal spatial and temporal variations of land surface temperature (LST) of night-time and distinct microclimatic patterns. Central Business District (CBD) of Delhi, (Connaught Place, a high density built up area), and commercial/industrial areas display heat islands condition with a temperature greater than 4 °C compared to the suburbs. The small increase in surface temperature at city level is mainly attributed to cumulative impact of human activities, changes in LULC pattern and vegetation density. In this study the methodology takes into account spatially-relative surface temperatures and impervious surface fraction value to measure surface UHI intensity between the urban land cover and rural surroundings. Both the spatial and temporal variation in surface temperature associated with impervious surface area (ISA) has been evaluated to assess the effect of urbanization on the local climate.     

对地观测卫星访问区域目标时间窗口快速算法

为减少对地观测卫星访问区域目标时间窗口的计算,根据建立的卫星对区域目标的观测模型,提出了卫星观测区域目标时间窗口的大圆近似快速算法,给出了算法具体步骤。仿真算例结果表明:时间窗口起点误差小于0.5 s,时间窗口长度误差小于0.723%,计算时间减少了99.87%.     

Urban growth assessment around Winam Gulf of Kenya based on satellite imagery

Urban growth and population dynamics are among the most critical information needed for future economic development planning, natural resources allocation and environmental management. In the present work, two methods, the first based on night-time images produced by NOAA and population maps provided by Oak Ridge National Laboratory's (ORNL) LandScan, and the second one on SAR imagery, were used in order to assess the expansion of urban areas surrounding the Winam Gulf (Lake Victoria, Kenya) at different scales. In the time covered by night-time lights imagery, the study highlighted a period of constant growth rate between 2002 and 2006 and a negative trend after 2006 and 2008. This decrease may be related to two main events occurring in the study area between 2006 and 2007: the decline of the Lake Victoria level and the abnormal proliferation of the floating weeds within the Winam Gulf. Meanwhile, the urban feature extraction obtained at a different scale within a particular district from 1997 up to 2008 results in a constant growth rate. Population movements around this zone explain different dynamics that should be studied in detail in order to understand their particular roots.     

大型居住社区多元化管理模式研究——以上海市浦东新区为例

大型居住社区是郊区快速城市化的产物,其社区管理面临弱势群体集中、社区居民就业困难、社区自治程度低等困难.以上海市浦东新区为例,探讨一种多元化的社区管理模式,正确定位多元管理主体的关系,以实现社区复合治理为目标,促进社区自治.     

复杂通道类零件五轴加工刀轴规划

针对复杂通道类零件的五轴数控加工,提出一种控制刀轴稳定变化的刀轴规划方法。首先,通过对刀轴可行空间的均匀离散,建立一种高效求解刀轴可行空间精细边界的方法;然后,依据刀轴矢量规划准则,求解满足机床角加速度约束的可行刀轴序列集合,并提出一种切削行内旋转坐标线性变化的刀轴矢量规划方法;最后,通过建立刀轴变化和残留高度综合评价指标,得到优化的刀轴矢量,并与典型的商用软件进行了实验对比验证。结果表明,使用本文提出的刀轴规划方法得到的切削行刀位轨迹旋转坐标变化均匀,旋转轴角加速度最大值降低到商用软件的10%以下,残留高度平均值降低了22%,改善了切削过程的稳定性,提高了加工表面质量。     

基于Rough Set 和综合评判的进场航班排序

终端区资源的高效利用对空中交通流量管理效率的提高具有重要作用,进场航班排序是终端区资源利用的关键环节,所以需要研究终端区进场航班的排序问题。利用模糊综合评判方法,考虑排序过程中的多种影响因素建立综合评判指标体系,根据粗糙集理论客观地确定各评判指标权重。利用算例对基于粗糙集理论的模糊综合评判方法进行了验证,表明方法在终端区排序问题中的可行性和有效性。     

氨合成-水热改性法制备氢氧化镁阻燃剂

为了解决氢氧化镁和聚合物之间的不相容问题, 对氨合成法-水热改性处理2步法制备高分散氢氧化镁阻燃剂进行了研究,分析了常温合成温度、水热改性温度和水热改性时间对制备大晶型、低比表面积氢氧化镁阻燃剂的影响.结果表明,经过水热改性处理改变了氢氧化镁晶体的生长习性,生成了形貌规则、粒径分布均匀、分散性良好的氢氧化镁六方片状颗粒.另外通过提高氯化镁浓度和氨水过量1倍,探讨了常温合成反应的转化率,认为应该在反应原料等当量下寻求提高转化率的可行方法.     

区域管制中Y2K问题的风险管理

Y2K将有可能造成管制区域中通信、导航、监视设备的全部或部分失效，为了保证飞行安全，必须进行风险管理。通过对假想空域中Y2K问题带来风险的分析，提出了几点控制风险的措施     

CX600车铣加工中心的回换刀点过程控制

本文介绍了在CX600车铣加工中心的制造过程中,利用用户程序和Part程序相配合，实现主轴刀具回换刀点过程的控制方案，该方案实际可行，并已用于生产实践。     

末端区域4D导引的水平轨迹计算方法

末端区域４Ｄ导引首先生成轨迹，然后生成沿该轨迹飞行的高度剖面，合理的速度剖面，最后生成自动引导飞机在规定时间着陆的４Ｄ导引指令。现简要讨论末端区域４Ｄ导引理论，主要推导了生成末端区域４Ｄ导引的首要算法－－水平飞行轨迹的计算方法。数值仿真结果表明，该方法只输入少量的航路点坐标数据和限制参数，就能计算出沿直线和曲线飞行的水平轨迹。