喷丸对DZ4 合金旋转弯曲疲劳断裂特征的影响

对喷丸前后DZ4高温合金旋转弯曲高周疲劳断口的断裂特征进行了观察.结果表明,室温和高温(820℃)时,未喷丸的DZ4合金高周疲劳裂纹均萌生于试样表面以及与表面相连的铸造缺陷或碳化物处.Kt=1时,疲劳断口为点源,源区存在滑移平面和滑移台阶;随着应力集中水平的升高(Kt=2,Kt=3),疲劳断口向多源和线源发展,源区滑移面变小甚至消失;随着温度的升高,断口源区滑移特征明显.喷丸后,疲劳裂纹源内移,裂纹萌生于试样次表面的晶体内部或铸造缺陷处.带缺口试样裂纹源减少,起源区域缩小,出现明显的主、次疲劳源.实验证明,喷丸可降低DZ4合金表面和缺口敏感性,对裂纹萌生有抑制作用,可提高材料的疲劳性能,随着温度升高,喷丸的强化作用逐渐减弱,但在820℃仍有强化作用.     

航空发动机涡轮部件断裂分析

某航空发动机使用中出现多级涡轮叶片和放气活门随动杆断裂故障,通过现场勘查、断口分析、金相检查和机理分析等手段,确定各断裂件的断裂模式,最终确认放气活门随动杆疲劳断裂是导致涡轮部件超温断裂的主要原因。并在此基础上,对相关工作提出建议。     

机身某部位连接区疲劳和损伤容限分析

从疲劳和损伤容限的概念出发,对某机身13长桁的框腹板进行受力情况、疲劳寿命、裂纹扩展寿命和剩余强度分析,充分讨论了与框腹板相连的接头的可靠性。在考虑精度的情况下用子模型的方式节省了很多计算时间,用扩展有限元法预测裂纹扩展的轨迹也与实验相吻合,为工程应用提供了简洁有效的途径。     

Effect of stress ratio on HCF and VHCF properties at temperatures of 20 °C and 700 °C for nickel-based wrought superalloy GH3617M

This paper attempts to investigate the effects of stress ratio and high temperature on the HCF(high-cycle-fatigue) and VHCF(very-high-cycle-fatigue) behaviors of nickel-based wrought superalloy GH3617 M. Fatigue tests over the full HCF and VHCF regimes were conducted on superalloy GH3617 M subjected to constant-amplitude loading at five stress ratios of -1, -0.5, 0,0.4, and 0.8 in environments of 20 °C and 700 °C temperatures. From experimental observation and fractographic analysis, fatigue mechanisms were deduced to reveal the synergistic interaction between high temperature and stress ratio on the HCF and VHCF behaviors of superalloy GH3617 M. A phenomenological model was crafted from available fatigue design knowledge to evaluate the synergistic interaction, and a good correlation between predictions and experiments has been achieved.     

Uncertainty propagation for statistical impact prediction of space debris

Predictions of the impact time and location of space debris in a decaying trajectory are highly influenced by uncertainties. The traditional Monte Carlo (MC) method can be used to perform accurate statistical impact predictions, but requires a large computational effort. A method is investigated that directly propagates a Probability Density Function (PDF) in time, which has the potential to obtain more accurate results with less computational effort. The decaying trajectory of Delta-K rocket stages was used to test the methods using a six degrees-of-freedom state model. The PDF of the state of the body was propagated in time to obtain impact-time distributions. This Direct PDF Propagation (DPP) method results in a multi-dimensional scattered dataset of the PDF of the state, which is highly challenging to process. No accurate results could be obtained, because of the structure of the DPP data and the high dimensionality. Therefore, the DPP method is less suitable for practical uncontrolled entry problems and the traditional MC method remains superior. Additionally, the MC method was used with two improved uncertainty models to obtain impact-time distributions, which were validated using observations of true impacts. For one of the two uncertainty models, statistically more valid impact-time distributions were obtained than in previous research.     

A model-based prognostics method for fatigue crack growth in fuselage panels

This paper proposes a model-based prognostics method that couples the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and a new developed linearization method. The proposed prognostics method is developed in the context of fatigue crack propagation in fuselage panels where the model parameters are unknown and the crack propagation is affected by different types of uncertainties. The coupled method is composed of two steps. The first step employs EKF to estimate the unknown model parameters and the current damage state. In the second step, the proposed efficient linearization method is applied to compute analytically the statistical distribution of the damage evolution path in some future time. A numerical case study is implemented to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The results show that the coupled EKF-linearization method provides satisfactory results: the EKF algorithm well identifies the model parameters, and the linearization method gives comparable prediction results to Monte Carlo (MC) method while leading to very significant computational cost saving. The proposed prognostics method for fatigue crack growth can be used for developing predictive maintenance strategy for an aircraft fleet, in which case, the computational cost saving is significantly meaningful.     

冷挤压强化对GH4169合金孔结构室温低循环疲劳寿命影响

对GH4169合金中心孔板材试样进行冷挤压强化,测试了挤压前后GH4169中心孔板材试样在663 MPa/20℃条件下的低循环疲劳寿命;分别采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射残余应力仪、表面轮廓仪分析了疲劳断口、疲劳过程中残余应力场的演化以及表面形貌。结果表明:冷挤压强化后孔结构的疲劳寿命提高为原始试样的2.6倍。冷挤压强化对孔壁的强化效果使得冷挤压试样疲劳源萌生于倒角处单源,而原始试样萌生于孔壁多源。经过50000周次疲劳实验,冷挤压强化残余压应力有所松弛,但进口端与出口端的表面残余应力分别保持了55%和75%。冷挤压后孔壁表面粗糙度R_a由0.354μm减小到0.297μm。     

飞机结构强度试验应急载荷限定系统

多轮多支柱起落架飞机主起落架数量较多，试验机及试验设备重量大。试验应急卸载时，试验件和设备重量、以及加载过程中试验件变形所聚集能量快速释放的不协调性易对支持点结构产生较大冲击载荷，且该载荷不可控，影响试验的考核，存在安全隐患。针对多轮多支柱起落架飞机的强度试验要求，设计一种载荷限定系统。在应急卸载或者试验停试情况下，能够为非支持点起落架输出设定载荷，保证应急瞬间所产生的所有载荷按要求分配到所有起落架上，从而防止支持点起落架超载；试验过程中，能够对非支持点起落架施加试验主动载荷。利用仿真软件验证了系统原理的可行性。依据原理设计载荷限定系统，对其结构和工作性能进行应用验证，并在某型飞机全机疲劳试验中进行应用调试，结果表明，该系统完全能够满足试验要求。     

平流层飞艇升降阶段BPNN惯性导航算法

软式平流层飞艇艇体在上升和下降时经常呈堆叠状态，GPS信号会被艇体间歇性遮挡，因而只能采用惯性导航。为保证在飞艇上升和下降过程中，INS/GPS组合导航系统在被艇体遮挡GPS时仍能够提供满足精度要求的导航信息，设计了一种改进的反向传播神经网络(Back Propagation Neural Network, BPNN）惯性导航算法。采用神经网络，根据惯性导航系统在1s内的速度均值和姿态变化量，预估其在1s末的位置误差和速度误差，并对惯性导航结果进行修正。仿真实验和跑车试验结果表明，在GPS失效的30s内，新算法使得位置误差低于15m，速度误差低于0.7m/s，误差相比纯惯性导航降低了85%。