孔边角裂纹扩展特性分析

采用二维裂纹扩展分析方法研究含孔边角裂纹平板中疲劳裂纹扩展速率和寿命。该方法假设孔边角裂纹两个主方向上裂纹扩展主要取决于两方向裂纹尖端的应力强度因子。并采用裂纹闭合特性修正。预测在常幅拉伸疲劳载荷情况下２１２４Ｔ８５１铝合金板和３０ＣｒＭｎＳｉＮ１２Ａ合金钢板中孔边角裂纹扩展速率和寿命。理论计算和实验结果较吻合。     

Electrochemical drilling of small holes by regulating in real-time the electrolyte flowrate in multiple channels

Electrochemical drilling(ECD) provides an alternative technique for drilling multiple small holes in difficult-to-machine materials in numerous industrial applications such as for aeroengines. The value and fluctuation of electrolyte flowrate can seriously affect the machining stability and hole quality in ECD. In particular, when drilling multiple holes, the distribution and fluctuations of the electrolyte flowrate in each channel could influence the uniformity of the electrolyte flowrate among...     

Breakthrough detection in electrochemical discharge drilling to enhance machining stability

Film cooling holes are widely used in aero-engine turbine blades. These blades feature large numbers of holes with complex angles and require a high level of surface integrity. Electrochemical discharge drilling(ECDD) combines the high efficiency of electrical discharge drilling(EDD) with high quality of electrochemical drilling(ECD). However, due to the existence of a variety of energy for material removal, accurate and timely detection of breakthroughs is fraught with difficulties. An insuffic...     

Evolutionary features of polar and non-polar coronal holes during solar cycle 24 and the rising phase of cycle 25

This paper presents the results of the analysis of the evolution of coronal holes (CHs) on the Sun during the period May 13, 2010 – March 20, 2022, covering Solar Cycle 24. Our study uses images in the extreme-ultraviolet iron line (Fe XII 193 Å) obtained with the Atmospheric Imager Assembly of the Solar Dynamics Observatory (AIA/SDO). To localize CHs and determine their areas, we used the Heliophysics Event Knowledgebase (HEK). We separate the CHs into polar and non-polar and study the evolutionary features of each group. During this period, an asymmetry between the Northern (N) and Southern (S) Hemispheres (N-S or hemispheric asymmetry) is detected both in the solar activity (SA) indices and in the localization of the maximum areas of the polar and non-polar CHs. It is shown that the hemispheric asymmetry of the areas of polar and non-polar CHs varies significantly over time and that the nature of these changes is clearly related to the SA cycle. We find that for most of the period, the polar CHs were predominated generated in the S- hemisphere while the non-polar CHs were dominant in the N- hemisphere. It is found that the maximum and minimum of the hemispheric imbalance in the areas of non-polar CHs are close in time to the maximum and minimum of the asymmetry of the SA indices (the number and areas of sunspots). The maximum hemispheric imbalance of the polar CH areas is observed at the maximum of Cycle 24, and the minimum imbalance is found at the cycle minimum. These results confirm our assumption that these two types of CHs are of a different nature and that the non-polar CHs, like sunspots, are elements of the general magnetic activity.     

Statistical analysis of the occurrence rate of geomagnetic storms during solar cycles 20–24

This study examines the occurrences rate of geomagnetic storms during the solar cycles (SCs) 20–24. It also investigates the solar sources at SCs 23 and 24. The Disturbed storm time (Dst) and Sunspot Number (SSN) data were used in the study. The study establishes that the magnitude of the rate of occurrences of geomagnetic storms is higher (lower) at the descending phases (minimum phases) of solar cycle. It as well reveals that severe and extreme geomagnetic storms (Dst < -250 nT) seldom occur at low solar activity but at very high solar activity and are mostly associated with coronal mass ejections (CMEs) when occurred. Storms caused by CME + CH-HSSW are more prominent during the descending phase than any other phase of the solar cycle. Solar minimum features more CH-HSSW- associated storms than any other phase. It was also revealed that all high intensity geomagnetic storms (strong, severe and extreme) are mostly associated with CMEs. However, CH-HSSW can occasionally generate strong storms during solar minimum. The results have proven that CMEs are the leading cause of geomagnetic storms at the ascending, maximum and the descending phases of the cycles 23 and 24 followed by CME + CH-HSSW. The results from this study indicate that the rate of occurrence of geomagnetic storms could be predicted in SC phases.     

叶尖间隙控制系统供气部件特性及模拟方法

针对低压涡轮叶尖间隙控制系统中典型供气管路，即圆形截面90°弯曲冷却管，开展其工作特性和模拟方法研究.通过1∶1单管模型试验结合三维数值模拟方法，研究了冷却管上冲击孔的出流特性，分析了进气参数、冲击孔排布对冷却管内气体流动及流量分配的影响规律.在此基础上，提出了基于冲击孔进口有效总压概念的冷却管一维网络流动计算模型，建立了低压涡轮叶尖间隙系统中典型供气管路的一维网络流动计算方法，并应用于某型发动机组件流量特性试验设计中.研究中发现，随着远离进口位置，冷却管冲击孔出流流量和冲击孔流量系数逐步增加；随着进口雷诺数的增加，冷却管内冲击孔出流流量均有所增加，而冲击孔流量系数基本保持不变.试验数据和计算结果比对表明，所建立的一维网络流动计算模型可以准确模拟出冷却管的出流特性，计算结果同组件流量特性试验数据之间最大相对误差为4.5%，在叶尖间隙控制系统这类系统复杂流路的流动问题分析中具有良好的应用效果.      

离散孔结构超声速气膜冷却数值模拟

为了得到气膜入口结构对气膜冷却效率的影响规律，并为工程应用提供参考，针对不同形状气膜入口结构的离散孔超声速气膜冷却展开了三维数值模拟。结果表明:气膜入口结构对气膜冷却效率影响明显，轴对称孔入口收敛段结构的流量系数直接影响冷却效果，计算工况下流量系数降低013下游冷却效率约降低005，应该防止收敛段剧烈收缩；同时，离散孔扩张段面积变化速率越小越有利于冷却，变化过快会使得冷却剂得不到充分发展，垂直主流方向的速度分量大，使得气膜往两侧流动而中心区域冷却效果变差；在非轴对称离散孔出口增加平直段能使射流更集中，可以有效防止气膜在上游被穿透造成冷却恶化现象。