Is there an abnormal enhancement of atmospheric aerosol before the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake?

There are extensive reports of ionospheric disturbances before the great 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, which are possibly explained by seismogenic electric field hypotheses linked with the aerosols injected in atmosphere. This paper attempts to investigate the possible change of atmospheric aerosol optical depth (AOD) associated with this earthquake by using MODIS data from both Terra and Aqua satellites. The result shows a clear enhancement of AOD along the Longmenshan faults 7 days before the quake, which is 1 day and 4 days earlier than the reported negative and positive ionospheric disturbances, respectively, and is 1 day earlier than or quasi-synchronism with other reported atmospheric anomalies including air temperature, outgoing longwave radiation and relative humidity. Particularly, the spatial distribution of AOD enhancement is very local and it is correlated well with the active faults and surface ruptures. We suggest that this unique enhancement could be associated with the Lithosphere–Atmosphere–Ionosphere coupling process during the preparation of the Wenchuan earthquake.     

Constrained layer damping treatment of a model support sting

In transonic wind tunnel tests, the pulsating airflow is prone to induce the first order resonance of the sting support system. The resonance limits the wind tunnel test envelope, makes the test data inaccurate, and brings potential security risks. In this paper, a model support sting with constrained layer damping (CLD) treatment is proposed to reduce the first order resonance response. The CLD treatment mainly consists of material selection and geometric optimization processes. The damping performance of the optimized CLD sting is compared with an AISI 1045 steel sting with the identical diameter in laboratory. The frequency response curves of the CLD sting support system and the AISI 1045 steel sting support system are obtained by sine sweep tests. The test results show that the first order resonance response of the CLD sting support system is 37.3% of that of the AISI 1045 steel sting support system. The first order damping ratios are calculated from the frequency response curves by half power point method. It is found that the first order damping ratio of the CLD sting support system is approximately 2.6 times that of the AISI 1045 steel sting support system.     

二次法激光加工小孔技术

为了提高激光加工航空发动机气膜冷却孔质量,介绍了一种采用焦耳级脉冲能量毫秒激光在镍基高温合金上快速加工初始通孔,再采用毫焦耳级脉冲能量纳秒激光扩孔的二次加工小孔方法。通过该方法试图消除毫秒激光加工小孔产生的再铸层以及解决纳秒激光直接加工几乎无再铸层小孔效率低、深度有限的问题,从而实现更高效率加工高质量气膜冷却孔。试验研究结果表明,该方法可以有效去除毫秒激光加工小孔孔壁的再铸层,改善孔壁表面质量,与纳秒激光直接加工小孔比较,在加工1 mm左右深的小孔时可以提高加工效率,但加工2 mm以上深度的小孔时,对提高加工效率的作用不明显。基于试验结果及分析,对二次法加工小孔提出了改进措施。     

吸附式低反动度轴流压气机气动设计原理

针对亚声速及超、跨声速轴流压气机,全面论述了吸附式低反动度轴流压气机气动设计思想,指出了该思想的具体实现形式、应用条件以及各参数之间的相互影响.指出针对亚声速轴流压气机,可利用动叶出口轴向速度提升或增加动叶入口正预旋以降低动叶中扩压因子从而确保动叶流动效率;而针对超、跨声速轴流压气机,可通过提升动叶入口激波后的轴向速度实现气流在动叶中大幅折转并保证动叶效率.其出口轴向速度选取,需兼顾动叶效率以及下游静叶栅入口马赫数以及气流角需求.最后总结了吸附式低反动度轴流压气机的研究进展.      

转捩模式与转捩准则预测高超声速边界层流动

对原始的k-ω-γ转捩模式和"层流+转捩准则"模型进行了改进,在2种方法中分别增加了横流模态时间尺度和横流转捩准则用于预测横流失稳诱导转捩。通过对网格预处理可并行计算获得边界层外缘信息以及边界层内横流速度。采用不同雷诺数条件下的0°攻角尖锥以及HIFiRE-5外形对2种方法预测高超声速边界层转捩的性能进行了比较分析。研究结果表明,2种方法均能正确反映高超声速边界层转捩起始位置和转捩区长度随雷诺数的变化趋势,但不能捕捉转捩区热流峰值;"层流+转捩准则"模型计算得到的传热系数在全湍流区较k-ω-γ转捩模式偏高。对于同时存在流向不稳定和横流不稳定的HIFiRE-5外形,改进的k-ω-γ转捩模式和改进的"层流+转捩准则"模型相比于原始的模型均能更加准确地预测中心线两侧横流失稳诱导形成的转捩;对于中心线附近因速度剖面拐点引起的边界层转捩,"层流+转捩准则"模型由于与边界层厚度相关,预测得到的转捩位置较试验结果靠前,k-ω-γ转捩模式与试验结果吻合很好。     

航空发动机损伤叶片再制造修复方法与实现

航空发动机叶片长期工作在高温、高压和高速的环境下,极易出现损伤。但是,损伤叶片的再制造修复技术一直被国外垄断,国内航空公司不得不花费大量的资金和时间将受损叶片送往国外维修。针对此问题,提出一种航空发动机损伤叶片再制造修复方法。首先,对损伤叶片进行失效特征分析,评价修复可行性;其次,获取并处理叶片点云数据,提取叶片截面的边界曲线,重建叶片数字化模型,通过布尔运算得到加工目标模型;再次,采用激光熔覆和自适应加工方法,对损伤叶片进行再制造修复;最后,分别对叶片三维数字化模型与实物进行精度检测和误差分析。结果表明,利用该方法建立的叶片数字化模型具有较好的精度和光顺性,再制造修复误差满足发动机维修手册的要求。     

低雷诺数下机翼气动特性研究及控制

高空长航时无人飞行器(HALE UAV)由于飞行环境空气稀薄、雷诺数低导致其气动性能恶化,如何通过流动控制改善机翼低雷诺数气动性能受到越来越多的关注。在低速风洞中通过测力、测压和边界层测试等试验技术开展了NACA 633-421直机翼模型气动特性试验和流动控制研究。天平测力结果表明:随雷诺数降低(Re<1.4×10⁵)机翼气动特性迅速恶化;最大升力系数损失严重,失速迎角急剧降低;分析翼面压力分布结果显示,机翼表面产生层流分离泡(LSB),其长度变化、位置前移和最终发生破裂的发展过程是导致机翼低雷诺数气动性能恶化的主要原因。采用合成微射流(Micro-SJ)对翼面层流分离泡进行流动控制,失速迎角推迟了11°,机翼最大升力系数由0.59提升至1.10,最大升阻比增加了13.6%。合成微射流控制具有选频特性,驱动频率f=200~400 Hz的合成微射流控制效果最佳,更易促进分离剪切层提前转捩,形成湍流再附,使得层流分离泡长度缩短。     

Effect of no-load rate on recast layer cutting by ultra fine wire-EDM

Via material erosion in wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM), recast layers form on the surfaces of workpiece. In addition, ultra fine Wire-EDM can be usually cut once. To reduce the thickness of the recast layer as much as possible, the wire electrical discharge-electrochemical machining (WEDCM) method was proposed, which is based on the micro conductivity of the dielectric and microelectrolytic characteristics by adjusting the no-load rate of the pulse in the machining process. Furthermore, a state discrimination and servo control system based on discharge current was designed. The experiment results of different no-load rates show that the electrolytic effects increase as the no-load rate increases, and the main machining process is spark discharge erosion with a no-load rate in the range of 10% to 80%. At 90% no-load rate, the amount of recast layer formation in the forward direction of the wire electrode is almost the same as that of electrolytic dissolution, and it can be practically processed without a recast layer. Compared with 10% no-load rate, the kerf width only increases by 7.5%.     

台风影响电离层F2区的一种可能机制

在台风期间,特别是台风登陆前后,强烈的海气、陆气相互作用会增强低层大气中的湍流活动,并可能导致大气湍流层顶的抬升.这种抬升会改变高层大气结构,从而影响高层大气中的光化学过程,最终造成对电离层的影响.在台风活动抬升了湍流层顶的前提下,利用一个一维电离层物理模型,模拟了日本中纬地区(45°N,142°E)电离层F2区的响应.模拟结果很好地定性解释了如下观测事实,台风期间,电离层f0F2会下降,对给定频率电波的反射面会抬升;同时还表明以上过程会导致hmF2上升,这表明台风期间湍流层顶的抬升可能是台风影响电离层F2区的一种十分有效的机制.      

武汉上空背景Na层长期变化和夜间变化特征的激光雷达观测研究

通过分析武汉大学激光雷达在2001年4月到2004年12月的观测数据,研究武汉(30.5°N,1144°E)上空背景Na层的长期(时间尺度大于1年)变化和夜间变化特征,并讨论了这种变化特征可能的产生原因.Na层长期变化的观测研究表明,背景Na层柱密度最大值出现在11月,大约是5月份最小值(1.6×109 cm-2)的2倍;质心高度最大出现在8月,比年平均高度91.5km高14km,最小值出现在5月,为91.2km;rms宽度平均值为4.5 km,最大值和最小值分别出现在12月和3月;月平均Na层质心高度和均方根宽度都具有准半年周期的变化,但两者变化的相位相反.除了长期变化外,背景Na层还呈现出明显的夜间变化特征:除凌晨短暂的时间外,Na层柱密度随夜间时间增加,于0530 LT达到最大值(2.9×109 cm-2);峰值对应的高度随时间下降;质心高度随时间缓慢增加但在凌晨迅速下降基本恢复到入夜时的高度;整夜背景Na层平均柱密度、峰值对应的高度、质心高度和rmS宽度起伏值分别为1.1×109cm-2,3 km,0.3 km和0.8 km.